Dog domestication was multifaceted Dogs were the first domesticated animal, likely originating from human-associated wolves, but their origin remains unclear. Bergstrom et al. sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes from multiple locations near to and corresponding in time to comparable human ancient DNA sites (see the Perspective by Pavlidis and Somel). By analyzing these genomes, along with other ancient and modern dog genomes, the authors found that dogs likely arose once from a now-extinct wolf population. They also found that at least five different dog populations ∼10,000 years before the present show replacement in Europe at later dates. Furthermore, some dog population genetics are similar to those of humans, whereas others differ, inferring a complex ancestral history for humanity's best friend. Science, this issue p. 557; see also p. 522 Ancient dog genomes elucidate diversification and a complex genetic history relative to that of humans. Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.

中文翻译：

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史前狗的起源和遗传遗产


狗的驯化是多方面的 狗是最早的驯养动物，可能起源于与人类相关的狼，但其起源仍不清楚。伯格斯特罗姆等人。对来自多个位置的 27 个古代狗基因组进行了测序，这些位置接近并在时间上与可比较的人类古代 DNA 位点相对应（参见 Pavlidis 和 Somel 的观点）。通过分析这些基因组以及其他古代和现代狗的基因组，作者发现狗可能曾经起源于现已灭绝的狼群。他们还发现，距今一万年前至少有五种不同的狗种群在后来的欧洲出现了更替。此外，一些狗的种群遗传学与人类相似，而另一些则不同，这推断出人类最好的朋友的复杂祖先历史。科学，本期第 14 页。 557；另见 p. 522 古代狗的基因组阐明了与人类相关的多样性和复杂的遗传历史。狗是最早的家养动物，但人们对它们的种群历史以及它与人类的联系程度知之甚少。我们对 27 个古代狗的基因组进行了测序，发现所有狗都拥有与当今狼不同的共同祖先，自驯化以来来自狼的基因流有限，但狗与狼之间的基因流却很大。到 11,000 年前，至少有五个主要的祖先谱系已经多样化，展示了旧石器时代狗的深厚遗传历史。与人类基因组的协同分析揭示了狗种群历史中与人类相似的方面，包括非洲和早期农业欧洲的黎凡特相关血统。其他方面也有所不同，包括欧亚大陆西部和东部草原牧民扩张的影响以及新石器时代欧洲狗血统的近乎完全更替。