Mapping out backward motion Most deformation associated with an earthquake is, not surprisingly, in the same direction as the fault rupture. Xu et al. used satellite imaging to find areas of deformation associated with the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence that moved in the opposite direction. These regions moved in this direction because of inelastic deformation, which helped to accommodate the overall fault rupture for the sequence. The observations were possible because of improved radar imaging and are likely more common than previously believed. Science, this issue p. 605 The Ridgecrest earthquake sequence had regions that deformed in the opposite direction of fault rupture. Contemporary earthquake hazard models hinge on an understanding of how strain is distributed in the crust and the ability to precisely detect millimeter-scale deformation over broad regions of active faulting. Satellite radar observations revealed hundreds of previously unmapped linear strain concentrations (or fractures) surrounding the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. We documented and analyzed displacements and widths of 169 of these fractures. Although most fractures are displaced in the direction of the prevailing tectonic stress (prograde), a large number of them are displaced in the opposite (retrograde) direction. We developed a model to explain the existence and behavior of these displacements. A major implication is that much of the prograde tectonic strain is accommodated by frictional slip on many preexisting faults.

中文翻译：

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与 2019 年 Ridgecrest 地震序列附近裂缝相关的地表变形

绘制向后运动图 与地震相关的大多数变形与断层破裂的方向相同，这并不奇怪。徐等人。使用卫星成像来寻找与 2019 年 Ridgecrest 地震序列相关的变形区域，这些区域向相反方向移动。由于非弹性变形，这些区域向这个方向移动，这有助于适应序列的整体断层破裂。由于改进了雷达成像，这些观测成为可能，而且可能比以前认为的更常见。科学，这个问题 p。605 Ridgecrest 地震序列的区域在断层破裂的相反方向上变形。当代地震灾害模型取决于对应变如何在地壳中分布的理解以及在活动断层的广泛区域内精确检测毫米级变形的能力。卫星雷达观测揭示了 2019 年 Ridgecrest 地震序列周围数百个以前未绘制的线性应变集中（或裂缝）。我们记录并分析了其中 169 个裂缝的位移和宽度。尽管大多数裂缝沿盛行构造应力的方向（前行）位移，但其中大量裂缝向相反（逆行）方向位移。我们开发了一个模型来解释这些位移的存在和行为。一个主要的含义是许多前行构造应变由许多先前存在的断层上的摩擦滑动来适应。