Dirac plasmons in graphene are very sensitive to the dielectric properties of the environment. We show that this can be used to probe the structure and composition of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWh) put underneath a single graphene layer. In order to do so, we assess vdWh composed of hexagonal boron nitride and different types of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). By performing realistic simulations that account for the contribution of each layer of the vdWh separately and including the importance of the substrate phonons, we show that one can achieve single-layer resolution by investigating the nonlocal nature of the Dirac plasmon-polaritons. The composition of the vdWh stack can be inferred from the plasmon-phonon coupling once it is composed by more than two TMD layers. Furthermore, we show that the bulk character of TMD stacks for plasmonic screening properties in the terahertz regime is reached only beyond 100 layers.

中文翻译：

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在太赫兹状态下利用狄拉克等离子体激元的非局域性探测范德华异质结构的结构和组成

石墨烯中的狄拉克等离子体激元对环境的介电特性非常敏感。我们表明，这可用于探测置于单个石墨烯层下面的范德华异质结构（vdWh）的结构和组成。为了做到这一点，我们评估了由六方氮化硼和不同类型的过渡金属二硫化碳（TMD）组成的vdWh。通过执行逼真的模拟，分别说明vdWh每一层的贡献并包括底物声子的重要性，我们表明可以通过研究Dirac等离子体激元-极化子的非局部性质来实现单层分辨率。一旦vdWh堆栈由两个以上的TMD层组成，就可以从等离振子-声子耦合中推断出其组成。此外，