Background Despite knowledge about eating disorder symptoms in children and adolescents in the general population, relatively little is known about self-reported and sex-specific eating-disorder-related psychopathology, as well as its specific correlates. Methods 880 German school-attending adolescents (15.4 ± 2.2 years) and 30 female patients with AN (16.2 ± 1.6 years) were studied. All participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and a Body Image Questionnaire. Results There were more overweight males than females (15.2% vs 10.1%, p < 0.001), but more females with underweight than males (6.2% vs. 2.5%, p < .001). Negative body evaluations ( p < .001) and dissatisfaction (p < .001) were significantly more frequent in females. Compared to underweight female patients with AN, underweight school-attending females had less negative body evaluations ( p < .001) and lower scores on 5 of the 11 EDI-2 subscales (p < .001; p < .05). Conclusions Males were more overweight than females, females more underweight. Body image was more important to female than to male youth, yet without reaching pathological values when compared to female patients with AN. Complex emotional and cognitive challenges seem to be a representative factor for eating pathology rather than simply being underweight. These aspects may be relevant for the shift from a thinness-related focus in girls in the general population to the development of an eating disorder.

中文翻译：

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德国青少年的体重指数和自我报告的身体形象


背景尽管人们对一般人群中儿童和青少年的饮食失调症状有所了解，但对自我报告的和特定性别的饮食失调相关的精神病理学及其具体相关因素知之甚少。方法 对 880 名德国在校青少年（15.4 ± 2.2 岁）和 30 名 AN 女性患者（16.2 ± 1.6 岁）进行研究。所有参与者均完成了饮食失调量表 2 和身体形象问卷。结果 超重男性多于女性（15.2% vs 10.1%，p < 0.001），但体重不足的女性多于男性（6.2% vs. 2.5%，p < 0.001）。女性对身体的负面评价 (p < .001) 和不满意 (p < .001) 明显更常见。与体重不足的 AN 女性患者相比，体重不足的在校女性的负面身体评估较少 (p < .001)，且 11 个 EDI-2 分量表中的 5 个分量表得分较低 (p < .001；p < .05)。结论 男性超重的比例高于女性，女性体重不足的比例更高。身体形象对女性青年比男性青年更重要，但与女性 AN 患者相比，身体形象尚未达到病理值。复杂的情绪和认知挑战似乎是饮食病理学的代表性因素，而不仅仅是体重不足。这些方面可能与一般人群中女孩从关注瘦弱相关的焦点转向饮食失调的发展有关。