In Europe, the debate on the recovery of the historic centres has been developed, over the years, around the balance between conservation and transformation needs in order to meet the new demands of the contemporary world. In the field of urban planning, the strictly conservative and binding approach has gradually been supported by flexible and consensual mechanisms that act as a stimulus to private initiative in the redevelopment and regeneration of the historic urban landscape. The consolidated Italian experience in the policies for the protection and enhancement of historical settlements is being significantly innovated after the entry into force of the Urbani Code, which extends the character of landscape heritage to the historic urban fabric, transferring to the regional authorities the task of establishing the specific regulations for its use and transformation. The Region of Sardinia has achieved an important role in the implementation of policies for the recovery and redevelopment of the historic centres identified by the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP). The common and consolidated practice is still characterized by the use of traditional regulative instruments, in particular the detailed plan, which provide rules for the requalification of the compromised urban fabrics through a set of rules and guidelines to be applied to the replacement of recent buildings and the renovation of urban patterns that for density, ratios between solids and voids, heights, alignments and elevations are incompatible with the values of the context. The constraint and binding approach is effective in the conservation strategies but often inadequate to implement actions of integrated redevelopment of urban fabric altered by new buildings in contrast with the historic urban landscape features, also due to the global crisis situation and the shortage of public funding. The paper proposes the use of the non-financial compensation tool, based on the granting of bonus development rights to realising on site or in alternative locations, in order to encourage urban regeneration projects that also involve the replacement of buildings incompatible with historical urban landscape morphological patterns. The integration of a methodology for assessing the financial feasibility of the demolition and reconstruction of the incompatible structures in the planning process, as tested in the case study of Villasor municipality, has allowed the elaboration of a model to support the use of a compensation mechanism for the redevelopment of historical settlement values. In this perspective, the paper aims to investigate the opportunities provided by market-oriented and flexible approaches to support and promote private urban regeneration projects. In particular, it illustrates the experimental results of a methodology for the analysis of the urban fabric that takes into account the factors influencing the feasibility of the intervention of demolition and reconstruction of the incompatible buildings. Finally a model for the assessment of any bonus in terms of additional building capacity is suggested, to be granted to private operators as an incentive to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the project.

中文翻译：

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城市历史景观重建的非经济补偿：撒丁岛维拉索尔案例研究（意大利）

在欧洲，多年来围绕保护和改造需求之间的平衡展开了关于历史中心恢复的辩论，以满足当代世界的新需求。在城市规划领域，严格保守和约束的方法逐渐得到灵活和协商一致的机制的支持，这些机制在历史城市景观的重建和更新中激发了私人主动性。在乌尔巴尼法典生效后，意大利在保护和加强历史住区政策方面的综合经验得到了显着创新，将景观遗产的特征扩展到历史悠久的城市结构，将制定其使用和转换的具体规定的任务移交给地方当局。撒丁岛地区在实施区域景观计划 (RLP) 确定的历史中心恢复和重建政策方面发挥了重要作用。共同和综合实践的特点仍然是使用传统的监管手段，特别是详细规划，它通过一套规则和指导方针为受损城市结构的重新鉴定提供规则，这些规则和指导方针适用于更换最近的建筑物和对密度、实体与空隙之间的比例、高度、路线和高度与环境价值不相容的城市模式的改造。约束和约束方法在保护策略中是有效的，但由于全球危机形势和公共资金短缺，通常不足以实施由新建筑改变的城市肌理与历史城市景观特征形成对比的综合重建行动。本文提出在授予红利开发权的基础上，利用非经济补偿工具，在现场或替代地点实现，以鼓励城市更新项目也涉及更换与历史城市景观形态不相容的建筑物。模式。在规划过程中整合评估拆除和重建不兼容结构的财务可行性的方法，正如在 Villasor 市的案例研究中所测试的那样，它允许制定一个模型来支持使用补偿机制来重建历史定居点价值。从这个角度来看，本文旨在研究以市场为导向的灵活方法为支持和促进私人城市更新项目提供的机会。特别是，它说明了一种城市结构分析方法的实验结果，该方法考虑了影响不相容建筑物拆除和重建干预可行性的因素。最后，建议建立一个评估额外建设能力方面的任何奖金的模型，该模型将授予私人运营商，作为确保项目成本效益的激励措施。允许制定一个模型来支持使用补偿机制来重建历史定居点价值。从这个角度来看，本文旨在研究以市场为导向的灵活方法为支持和促进私人城市更新项目提供的机会。特别是，它说明了一种城市结构分析方法的实验结果，该方法考虑了影响不相容建筑物拆除和重建干预可行性的因素。最后，建议建立一个评估额外建设能力方面的任何奖金的模型，该模型将授予私人运营商，作为确保项目成本效益的激励措施。允许制定一个模型来支持使用补偿机制来重建历史定居点价值。从这个角度来看，本文旨在研究以市场为导向的灵活方法为支持和促进私人城市更新项目提供的机会。特别是，它说明了一种城市结构分析方法的实验结果，该方法考虑了影响不相容建筑物拆除和重建干预可行性的因素。最后，建议建立一个评估额外建设能力方面的任何奖金的模型，该模型将授予私人运营商，作为确保项目成本效益的激励措施。