Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.

中文翻译：

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青少年创伤性脑损伤中的小胶质细胞动力学

重复性轻度创伤性脑损伤 (RmTBI) 在青少年中越来越常见，是世界上最大的神经系统健康问题之一。青春期是大脑发育的关键时期，RmTBI 可以显着影响神经发育轨迹和终生神经系统健康。我们目前对 RmTBI 病理生理学的理解表明神经炎症在消极调节神经健康和功能中的关键作用。小胶质细胞是大脑的常驻免疫群体，通过调节神经元数量以及突触的形成和消除在大脑发育中发挥重要作用。作为对损伤的反应，小胶质细胞会激活炎症表型，这可能会影响这些正常的稳态、生理和发育作用。然而迄今为止，关于 RmTBI 对青少年大脑发育过程中小胶质细胞功能的影响知之甚少。本综述详细介绍了围绕 RmTBI 病理生理学、青少年大脑发育和发育中大脑中的小胶质细胞动力学以及对损伤做出反应的关键概念，以期就这些过程的交叉如何改变长期轨迹提出假设。