This study reports the global trends of antimicrobial susceptibility to ceftaroline and ceftazidime–avibactam using data from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program between 2012 and 2016. For the 2012–2016 ATLAS program, 205 medical centers located in Africa-Middle East (n = 12), Asia–Pacific (n = 32), Europe (n = 94), Latin America (n = 26), North America (n = 31), and Oceania (n = 10) consecutively collected the clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and in vitro susceptibilities to ceftaroline and ceftazidime–avibactam were assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) 2019 guidelines. Between 2012 and 2016, 176,345 isolates were collected from around the globe and included in the analysis. Regarding Gram-negative bacteria, ceftazidime–avibactam demonstrated high susceptibility (> 90%) against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with increased antimicrobial activity observed from the addition of avibactam (4 mg/L) to ceftazidime. Regarding Gram-positive bacteria, ceftaroline showed > 90% susceptibility against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, α-and β-hemolytic Streptococcus. The antimicrobial susceptibilities to ceftaroline and ceftazidime–avibactam were mostly stable from 2012 to 2016, but the susceptibilities to ceftazidime–avibactam to carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumonia (88.4–81.6%) and to CR-P. aeruginosa (89.6–72.7%) decreased over time. In terms of regional difference, the susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant S. aureus to ceftaroline in Asia and of CR-K. pneumonia to ceftazidime–avibactam in Asia/Africa-Middle East were lower compared with other regions, while the susceptibility of CR-P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime–avibactam in North America was higher. The addition of avibactam improves the activity of ceftazidime against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. The global antimicrobial susceptibilities to ceftaroline and ceftazidime–avibactam were, in general, stable from 2012 to 2016, but a marked reduction in the susceptibilities of specific species and CR-P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime–avibactam was observed.

中文翻译：

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头孢洛林和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦抗菌药物敏感性的全球趋势：ATLAS 计划的监测研究（2012-2016 年）


本研究利用 2012 年至 2016 年抗菌药物测试领导和监测 (ATLAS) 计划的数据报告了头孢洛林和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦抗菌药物敏感性的全球趋势。对于 2012-2016 年 ATLAS 计划，位于非洲和中东的 205 个医疗中心（n = 12）、亚太地区（n = 32）、欧洲（n = 94）、拉丁美洲（n = 26）、北美洲（n = 31）和大洋洲（n = 10）连续收集了临床分离株。使用临床和实验室标准研究所 (CLSI) 2019 和欧洲抗菌药物敏感性测试委员会 (EUCAST) 2019 指南评估头孢洛林和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 和体外敏感性。 2012 年至 2016 年间，从全球各地收集了 176,345 个分离株并纳入分析。对于革兰氏阴性菌，头孢他啶-阿维巴坦对肠杆菌科细菌和铜绿假单胞菌表现出高敏感性（> 90%），在头孢他啶中添加阿维巴坦（4 mg/L）可增加抗菌活性。对于革兰氏阳性菌，头孢洛林对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、α-和β-溶血性链球菌的敏感性> 90%。 2012年至2016年，头孢洛林和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的抗菌敏感性基本稳定，但头孢他啶-阿维巴坦对碳青霉烯类耐药（CR）肺炎克雷伯菌（88.4-81.6%）和CR-P的敏感性。铜绿假单胞菌 (89.6–72.7%) 随着时间的推移而减少。从区域差异来看，亚洲耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢洛林和CR-K的敏感性不同。 亚洲/非洲-中东地区肺炎对头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的敏感性低于其他地区，而CR-P的敏感性较低。北美的铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的比例较高。添加阿维巴坦可提高头孢他啶对肠杆菌科细菌和铜绿假单胞菌的活性。 2012年至2016年，全球对头孢洛林和头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的抗菌药物敏感性总体稳定，但特定物种和CR-P的敏感性显着降低。观察到铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶-阿维巴坦的影响。