The effect of strain-rate on the energy dissipation characteristics of crushable granular material is studied under isotropic compression using discrete element method (DEM). The numerical results in terms of both macro-scale stress-strain response and microscale grain movement are analysed to obtain various energy fractions associated with confined comminution. An attempt has been made to understand the effect of particle crushing on the energy dissipation profile and subsequent variation in the redistribution of particles at various strain-rates. It has been observed that with the increase in the strain-rate, there is a substantial reduction in the amount of particle crushing, which results in an increment of redistribution energy at higher strain levels. Based on the obtained response, a rate-dependent expression of the redistribution energy is proposed as a function of relative breakage and strain-rate.

中文翻译：

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各向同性约束破碎过程中依赖于应变率的能量重新分配

采用离散元法（DEM）研究了各向同性压缩下应变率对可粉碎颗粒材料能量耗散特性的影响。从宏观尺度应力应变响应和微观尺度晶粒运动两个方面对数值结果进行了分析，以获得与约束粉碎相关的各种能量分数。已经进行了尝试以了解颗粒破碎对能量耗散曲线的影响以及在各种应变速率下颗粒重新分布的后续变化。已经观察到，随着应变率的增加，颗粒压碎的量大大减少，这导致在较高应变水平下重新分布能量的增加。根据获得的响应，