The results obtained from a field testing campaign on laterally loaded monopiles, conducted at a dense sand site in Dunkirk, northern France are described. These tests formed part of the PISA project on the development of improved design methods for monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. Results obtained from monotonic loading tests on piles of three different diameters (0·273 m, 0·762 m and 2·0 m) are presented. The piles had length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) of between 3 and 10. The tests consisted principally of the application of monotonic loads, incorporating periods of held constant load to investigate creep effects. The influence of loading rate was also investigated. Data are presented on the overall load–displacement behaviour of each of the test piles. Measured data on bending moments and inclinations induced in the piles are also provided. Inferences are made for the displacements in the embedded length of the piles. These field data will support the development of a new one-dimensional modelling approach for the design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. They also form a unique database of field measurements in a dense sand, from lateral loading of piles at a vertical distance above the ground surface.

中文翻译：

---

在敦刻尔克（Dunkirk）的致密海沙中进行单调侧向荷载桩测试

描述了在法国北部敦刻尔克的一个稠密的沙地上对横向加载的单桩进行现场测试的结果。这些测试是PISA项目的一部分，该项目旨在开发用于海上风力涡轮机的单桩基础的改进设计方法。给出了在三种不同直径（0·273 m，0·762 m和2·0 m）的桩上进行单调加载测试的结果。桩的长径比（L / D）在3到10之间。测试主要包括施加单调载荷，并结合保持恒定载荷的周期来研究蠕变效应。还研究了加载速率的影响。数据显示了每个测试桩的整体荷载-位移特性。还提供了有关在桩中引起的弯矩和倾角的测量数据。对桩的嵌入长度中的位移进行推断。这些现场数据将支持开发一种新的一维建模方法，用于设计海上风力发电机的单桩基础。他们还形成了一个独特的数据库，用于在稠密的沙子中从地面上方垂直距离的桩的横向载荷中获得桩的横向载荷。