Plants inherently show resistance to pathogen attack but are susceptible to multiple bacteria, viruses, fungi, and phytoplasmas. Diseases as a result of such infection leads to the deterioration of crop yield. Several pathogen-sensitive gene activities, promoters of such genes, associated transcription factors, and promoter elements responsible for crosstalk between the defense signaling pathways are involved in plant resistance towards a pathogen. Still, only a handful of genes and their promoters related to plant resistance have been identified to date. Such pathogen-sensitive promoters are accountable for elevating the transcriptional activity of certain genes in response to infection. Also, a suitable promoter is a key to devising successful crop improvement strategies as it ensures the optimum expression of the required transgene. The study of the promoters also helps in mining more details about the transcription factors controlling their activities and helps to unveil the involvement of new genes in the pathogen response. Therefore, the only way out to formulate new solutions is by analyzing the molecular aspects of these promoters in detail. In this review, we provided an overview of the promoter motifs and cis-regulatory elements having specific roles in pathogen attack response. To elaborate on the importance and get a vivid picture of the pathogen-sensitive promoter sequences, the key motifs and promoter elements were analyzed with the help of PlantCare and interpreted with available literature. This review intends to provide useful information for reconstructing the gene networks underlying the resistance of plants against pathogens.

中文翻译：

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剖析病原体敏感基因启动子在植物防御中的作用

植物固有地表现出对病原体攻击的抵抗力，但容易受到多种细菌、病毒、真菌和植原体的影响。这种感染引起的疾病导致作物产量下降。几种病原体敏感基因活性、此类基因的启动子、相关转录因子和负责防御信号通路之间串扰的启动子元件参与植物对病原体的抗性。尽管如此，迄今为止，仅鉴定了少数与植物抗性相关的基因及其启动子。这种病原体敏感启动子负责提高某些基因响应感染的转录活性。此外，合适的启动子是设计成功的作物改良策略的关键，因为它确保所需转基因的最佳表达。对启动子的研究还有助于挖掘有关控制其活性的转录因子的更多细节，并有助于揭示新基因在病原体反应中的参与。因此，制定新解决方案的唯一途径是详细分析这些启动子的分子方面。在这篇综述中，我们概述了在病原体攻击反应中具有特定作用的启动子基序和顺式调控元件。为了阐述病原体敏感启动子序列的重要性并获得生动的了解，我们在 PlantCare 的帮助下分析了关键基序和启动子元件，并结合现有文献进行了解释。本综述旨在为重建植物抵抗病原体的基因网络提供有用的信息。