In 1869, the Suez Canal was opened, which brought the waters of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea into direct contact. Notably, the Suez Canal was constructed for navigation purposes without focusing on the ecological impacts. The Suez Canal paved the way for species migration from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea through Lessepsian migration, named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, while the migration from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea is called the anti-Lessepsian migration. It has been argued in the past that the migrating species had negative consequences for the host environment as well as of humans. Few studies to date have attempted to map the microorganism migration problem because the traditional ways of measuring the community's richness and dissimilarities failed to provide enough detection of the migrating taxa. We collected 22 seawater samples from different locations in Egypt, in relationship to the migration across and to/from the Suez Canal. The V3–V4 regions of 16s genes were amplified and sequenced by the next generation Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 15 taxa that migrated from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea (i.e., anti-Lessepsian migration) such as the genera Fluvicola, HTCC2207, and Persicirhabdus. The family OCS155 is the only one that migrated from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migration). Seven anti-Lessepsian migrants colonized the Suez Canal more than the Mediterranean Sea such as the genera Marinobacter and Halomonas. These findings collectively suggest that the anti-Lessepsian migration is more predominant than the Lessepsian migration in the bacterial community. This study paves the way for future research questions as well. For example, why is the anti-Lessepsian migration more common than the Lessepsian route in bacteria? Why do certain taxa stop migration at the Suez Canal, and why do certain taxa present in higher frequencies in the Suez Canal? Which taxa continue migration to the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, and what is the impact of the anti-Lessepsian migration on the bacterial community? Understanding microbial diversity in a context of microorganism migration across seas and oceans remains a prime topic in biodiversity research and systems science.

中文翻译：

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从地中海迁移到红海的细菌分类群揭示了反莱塞普斯迁移的更高流行率

1869 年，苏伊士运河开通，使地中海和红海的水域直接接触。值得注意的是，苏伊士运河是为航行目的而建造的，而没有关注生态影响。苏伊士运河通过莱塞普斯迁移为物种从红海到地中海的迁移铺平了道路，以费迪南德·德莱塞普斯的名字命名，而从地中海到红海的迁移被称为反莱塞普斯迁移。过去有人认为，迁徙物种对寄主环境和人类都有负面影响。迄今为止，很少有研究试图绘制微生物迁移问题的地图，因为测量群落丰富度和差异的传统方法未能提供足够的迁移分类群检测。我们收集了来自埃及不同地点的 22 个海水样本，这些样本与穿越和往返苏伊士运河的迁移有关。16s 基因的 V3-V4 区域通过下一代 Illumina MiSeq 测序仪进行扩增和测序。生物信息学分析揭示了从地中海迁移到红海（即反莱塞普斯迁移）的 15 个类群，例如Fluvicola、HTCC2207和 Persicirhabdus。OCS155家族是唯一一个从红海迁移到地中海（Lessepsian 迁移）的家族。七名反莱塞普斯移民在苏伊士运河殖民的次数比地中海还多，例如海洋杆菌属和盐单胞菌属. 这些发现共同表明，在细菌群落中，抗 Lessepsian 迁移比 Lessepsian 迁移更占优势。这项研究也为未来的研究问题铺平了道路。例如，为什么细菌中的抗 Lessepsian 迁移比 Lessepsian 迁移更常见？为什么某些分类群会阻止苏伊士运河的迁徙，为什么某些分类群会在苏伊士运河中以更高的频率出现？哪些分类群继续迁移到印度洋和大西洋，反莱塞普斯迁移对细菌群落有什么影响？在微生物跨海迁移的背景下了解微生物多样性仍然是生物多样性研究和系统科学的主要课题。