Two million children are admitted to hospital every year in the UK and between 59% and 94% will experience pain, with 27–40% of them experiencing moderate to severe pain. Currently, there are a number of well-researched guidelines on children’s pain available, yet pain prevalence is high. Despite the guidelines, there is a lack of an overall framework that includes the necessary components to deliver effective pain management. This study was built on previous work about key elements that support children’s pain management, by exploring their relevance and practical application with 43 healthcare practitioners. We carried out focus groups with band 5 nurses (n = 6) and advanced nurse practitioners (n = 11) and semistructured interviews with pain nurses (n = 16) and consultants (n = 10). We also presented and discussed our findings with an advisory group. Findings demonstrated that the following elements were considered to be important: delivering pain management with confidence, supporting colleagues with protocols and guidance, empowering parents to be involved in pain management, and adopting an individual approach to a child and family. These elements formed the basis of a framework for children’s pain management. Some practitioners indicated that pain management required education and more resources, and that the culture of an area could influence pain management practice. The framework brings together elements that have the potential to improve the management of children’s pain through its use as an education tool. Each interrelated element of the framework plays an important part in the overall management of children’s pain. The need now is to make the dissemination of the findings accessible to health care practitioners, parents, and educators. Next steps include the development of infographic posters, an animation, and a free online course, which will incorporate the use of Bloom’s taxonomy.

中文翻译：

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开发框架以支持为儿童提供有效的疼痛管理：定性探索性研究

在英国，每年有200万儿童入院，其中59％至94％的儿童会感到疼痛，其中27-40％的儿童经历中度至重度疼痛。当前，有许多关于儿童疼痛的经过精心研究的指南，但是疼痛的患病率很高。尽管有指导原则，但缺少一个完整的框架，其中包括提供有效疼痛管理的必要组件。这项研究建立在先前有关支持儿童疼痛管理的关键要素的工作基础上，与43位医疗保健从业者探讨了它们的相关性和实际应用。我们与5名护士（n  = 6）和高级护士（n  = 11）进行了焦点小组讨论，并对疼痛护士（n = 16）和顾问（n = 10）。我们还介绍了一个咨询小组并讨论了我们的发现。研究结果表明，以下要素被认为是重要的：充满信心地进行疼痛管理，在规程和指导方面为同事提供支持，授权父母参与疼痛管理以及采用针对儿童和家庭的个体方法。这些要素构成了儿童疼痛管理框架的基础。一些从业者指出，疼痛管理需要教育和更多的资源，并且该地区的文化可能会影响疼痛管理的实践。该框架通过将其作为一种教育工具，汇集了有可能改善对儿童疼痛的管理的要素。框架中每个相互关联的要素在儿童疼痛的整体管理中起着重要的作用。现在需要使医疗保健从业人员，父母和教育工作者可以方便地传播调查结果。下一步包括开发信息图海报，动画和免费的在线课程，其中将结合使用Bloom的分类法。