Although Plasmodium falciparum infections in blood donors have been reported, the impact of parasitaemia on cytokine levels in stored whole blood has not been explored. This study evaluated the effect of P. falciparum parasitaemia on circulating cytokines and their relationship with haematological parameters in banked blood. In this case-control study, two groups of donor whole blood were recruited: P. falciparum-infected donors (parasitaemia: 515–1877 parasites/μL) and noninfected blood donors (control). At day 0 (baseline), 7, 14, 21, and 35 of banking circulating cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 12, IL-10, and IL-6 levels and haematological parameters were determined. Kruskal-Wallis test determined differences in weekly cytokine levels while Dunn’s post hoc test determined exact significant points. At baseline, the mean TNF-α (33.81 pg/mL vs. 22.70 pg/mL), IL-12 (28.39 pg/mL vs. 16.15 pg/mL), IL-10 (51.04 pg/mL vs. 18.95 pg/mL), and IL-6 (71.03 pg/mL vs. 30.89 pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in infected donor whole blood. Significant rate of increase was observed in TNF-α, IL-12 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected blood, while decreased levels were observed in IL-10. IL-6 peaked at day 21 and fell below baseline level at day 35. Significant changes in TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected donor blood were observed 7 days after storage. Unlike in noninfected stored whole blood, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio levels in infected stored whole blood related inversely to haematological parameters (white cells, red cells, platelets, and haemoglobin levels) during storage. However, in both groups, significant direct relationship was observed in IL-10 and haematological parameters. In conclusion, banking of P. falciparum-infected donor whole blood may lead to infusion of large quantities of inflammatory cytokines with potential adverse immunological response in recipients.

中文翻译：

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储存的受恶性疟原虫感染的全血中 IL-12、TNF-α 和 TNF-α/IL-10 比率升高：对安全输血的影响

尽管已经报道了献血者中的恶性疟原虫感染，但尚未探讨寄生虫血症对储存的全血中细胞因子水平的影响。本研究评估了恶性疟原虫对循环细胞因子的影响及其与储存血液中血液学参数的关系。在这种情况下对照研究中，供体的全血两组被招募：恶性疟原虫感染的供体（寄生虫血症：515-1877个寄生虫/ μ L）和非感染献血者（对照）。在第 0 天（基线）、第 7、14、21 和 35 天，肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF- α）的循环细胞因子水平)、白细胞介素- (IL-) 12、IL-10 和 IL-6 水平以及血液学参数。Kruskal-Wallis 检验确定了每周细胞因子水平的差异，而 Dunn 的事后检验确定了确切的显着点。在基线时，平均 TNF- α（33.81 pg/mL 对 22.70 pg/mL）、IL-12（28.39 pg/mL 对 16.15 pg/mL）、IL-10（51.04 pg/mL 对 18.95 pg/mL） mL) 和 IL-6（71.03 pg/mL 与 30.89 pg/mL）水平在受感染的供体全血中显着更高。在感染血液中观察到 TNF - α、IL-12 水平和 TNF - α /IL-10 比率显着增加，而在 IL-10 中观察到水平降低。IL-6 在第 21 天达到峰值，在第 35 天降至基线水平以下。 TNF- α 的显着变化储存 7 天后观察受感染供体血液中的IL-12、IL-10、IL-6 水平和 TNF - α /IL-10 比值。与未感染的储存全血不同，感染的储存全血中的 TNF - α、IL-6、IL-12 和 TNF - α /IL-10 比率水平与血液学参数（白细胞、红细胞、血小板和血红蛋白）呈负相关水平）在储存期间。然而，在两组中，在 IL-10 和血液学参数中都观察到了显着的直接关系。总之，储存恶性疟原虫感染的供体全血可能导致输注大量炎性细胞因子，从而对受体产生潜在的不良免疫反应。