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Landau levels, edge states, and gauge choice in 2D quantum dots
American Journal of Physics ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1119/10.0001703
Asadullah Bhuiyan 1 , Frank Marsiglio 1
Affiliation  

We examine the behavior of a charged particle in a two dimensional quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field. Emphasis is placed on the high magnetic field regime. Compared to free space geometry, confinement in a dot geometry provides a more realistic system where edge effects arise naturally. It also serves to remove the otherwise infinite degeneracy due to the magnetic field; nonetheless, as described in this paper, additional ingredients are required to produce sensible results. We treat both circular and square geometries, and in the latter, we explicitly demonstrate the gauge invariance of the energy levels and wave function amplitudes. The characteristics of bulk states closely resemble those of free space states. For edge states, with sufficiently high quantum numbers, we achieve significant differences in the square and circular geometries. Both circular and square geometries are shown to exhibit level crossing phenomena, similar to parabolic dots, where the confining potential is a parabolic trap. Confinement effects on the probability current are also analyzed; it is the edge states that contribute non-zero current to the system. The results are achieved using straightforward matrix mechanics, in a manner that is accessible to novices in the field. On a more pedagogical note, we also provide a thorough review of the theory of single electron Landau levels in free space and illustrate how the introduction of surfaces naturally leads to a more physically transparent description of a charged particle in a magnetic field.

中文翻译:

二维量子点中的朗道能级、边缘状态和规范选择

我们研究了在存在磁场的情况下二维量子点中带电粒子的行为。重点放在高磁场区域。与自由空间几何相比,点几何中的限制提供了一个更真实的系统,其中边缘效果自然出现。它还有助于消除由于磁场而导致的无限简并;尽管如此,如本文所述,需要额外的成分才能产生合理的结果。我们处理圆形和方形几何,在后者中,我们明确地证明了能级和波函数幅度的规范不变性。体态的特性与自由空间态的特性非常相似。对于具有足够高量子数的边缘态,我们实现了方形和圆形几何形状的显着差异。圆形和方形几何图形都显示出水平交叉现象,类似于抛物线点,其中限制势是抛物线陷阱。还分析了对概率电流的限制效应;边缘状态对系统贡献非零电流。结果是使用简单的矩阵力学以该领域新手可以访问的方式获得的。在更具教学意义的方面,我们还对自由空间中的单电子朗道能级理论进行了全面回顾,并说明了表面的引入如何自然地导致对磁场中带电粒子的物理透明描述。类似于抛物线点,其中限制势是抛物线陷阱。还分析了对概率电流的限制效应;边缘状态对系统贡献非零电流。结果是使用简单的矩阵力学以该领域新手可以访问的方式获得的。在更具教学意义的方面,我们还对自由空间中的单电子朗道能级理论进行了全面回顾,并说明了表面的引入如何自然地导致对磁场中带电粒子的物理透明描述。类似于抛物线点,其中限制势是抛物线陷阱。还分析了对概率电流的限制效应;边缘状态对系统贡献非零电流。结果是使用简单的矩阵力学以该领域新手可以访问的方式获得的。在更具教学意义的方面,我们还对自由空间中的单电子朗道能级理论进行了全面回顾,并说明了表面的引入如何自然地导致对磁场中带电粒子的物理透明描述。结果是使用简单的矩阵力学以该领域新手可以访问的方式获得的。在更具教学意义的方面,我们还对自由空间中的单电子朗道能级理论进行了全面回顾,并说明了表面的引入如何自然地导致对磁场中带电粒子的物理透明描述。结果是使用简单的矩阵力学以该领域新手可以访问的方式获得的。在更具教学意义的方面,我们还对自由空间中的单电子朗道能级理论进行了全面回顾,并说明了表面的引入如何自然地导致对磁场中带电粒子的物理透明描述。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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