Laser-produced plasma velocity distributions are an important, but difficult quantity to measure. We present a non-invasive technique for measuring individual charge state velocity distributions of laser-produced plasmas using a high temporal and spectral resolution monochromator. The novel application of this technique is its ability to detect particles up to 7 m from their inception (significantly larger than most laboratory plasma astrophysics experiments, which take place at or below the millimeter scale). The design and assembly of this diagnostic is discussed in terms of maximizing the signal to noise ratio, maximizing the spatial and temporal resolution, and other potential use cases. The analysis and results of this diagnostic are demonstrated by directly measuring the time-of-flight velocity of all ion charge states in a laser produced carbon plasma.

中文翻译：

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大规模激光等离子体中离子速度分布的测量

激光产生的等离子体速度分布是一个重要但难以测量的量。我们提出了一种使用高时间和光谱分辨率单色器测量激光产生的等离子体的单个电荷状态速度分布的非侵入性技术。这项技术的新应用是它能够从一开始就探测到长达 7 m 的粒子（明显大于大多数实验室等离子体天体物理学实验，这些实验发生在毫米级或以下）。从最大化信噪比、最大化空间和时间分辨率以及其他潜在用例方面讨论了此诊断的设计和组装。