A compact low-cost cryocooling system has been designed, constructed, and tested at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The cooling power is provided by natural convection and phase change of the liquid nitrogen. The initial application was to cool silicon crystal optics to the sub-100 K range. A silicon crystal of dimension (width × depth × height) 50 × 50 × 30 mm3 has been used with an electric heater on the top surface in this prototyping test. This system can effectively provide more than 80 W of cooling power to the optics with a consumption of liquid nitrogen less than 2.1 l/h. The vibration of the silicon crystal was monitored during the tests with added electric heater power on the crystal. The vibration of the silicon crystal due to liquid nitrogen boiling is negligible.

中文翻译：

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一种用于基于硅晶体的 X 射线光学器件的高效低振动液氮冷却系统

SLAC 国家加速器实验室已经设计、建造并测试了一个紧凑的低成本低温冷却系统。冷却能力由液氮的自然对流和相变提供。最初的应用是将硅晶体光学元件冷却到 100 K 以下的范围。在此原型设计测试中，尺寸（宽×深×高）为 50 × 50 × 30 mm3 的硅晶体与顶部表面的电加热器一起使用。该系统可以有效地为光学器件提供超过 80 W 的冷却功率，同时液氮消耗量低于 2.1 l/h。在测试期间通过在晶体上增加电加热器功率来监测硅晶体的振动。由于液氮沸腾引起的硅晶体振动可以忽略不计。