Quantum sensing, quantum networking and communication, and quantum computing have attracted significant attention recently, as these quantum technologies could offer significant advantages over existing technologies. In order to accelerate the commercialization of these quantum technologies, the workforce must be equipped with the necessary skills. Through a qualitative study of the quantum industry, in a series of interviews with 21 U.S. companies carried out in Fall 2019, we describe the types of activities being carried out in the quantum industry, profile the types of jobs that exist, and describe the skills valued across the quantum industry, as well as in each type of job. The current routes into the quantum industry are detailed, providing a picture of the current role of higher education in training the quantum workforce. Finally, we present the training and hiring challenges the quantum industry is facing and how higher education may optimize the important role it is currently playing.

中文翻译：

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为量子革命做准备：高等教育的作用是什么？

量子感测，量子网络和通信以及量子计算最近引起了广泛的关注，因为这些量子技术可以提供比现有技术更大的优势。为了加速这些量子技术的商业化，劳动力必须配备必要的技能。通过对量子产业的定性研究，在2019年秋季对21家美国公司进行的一系列采访中，我们描述了量子产业中正在开展的活动的类型，描述了现有工作的类型并描述了技能在整个量子产业以及每种工作中都很有价值。详细介绍了当前进入量子产业的途径，从而勾勒出了高等教育在培训量子劳动力方面的当前作用。最后，