Energy-resolved secondary electron spectroscopy has been performed on air-exposed standard Cu samples and modified Cu surfaces that are tested and possibly applied to efficiently suppress electron cloud formation in the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The Cu samples comprise pristine oxygen-free, carbon-coated and laser-structured surfaces, which were characterized prior to and after electron irradiation and rare-gas ion bombardment. Secondary-electron and reflected-electron yields measured with low charge dose of the samples exhibit a universal dependence on the energy of the primary impinging electrons. State-of-the-art models can successfully be used to describe the spectroscopic data. The supplied spectral dependence of electron emission and integrated electron yield as well as the derived parametrization can serve as a basis for forthcoming simulations of electron cloud formation and multipacting.

中文翻译：

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大型强子对撞机上用于电子云缓和的候选束屏材料的能量分辨二次电子发射

在暴露于空气中的标准Cu样品和改性Cu表面上进行了能量分辨二次电子光谱学，这些样品经过测试并且可能用于有效抑制CERN大型强子对撞机的高发光度升级中的电子云形成。铜样品包含原始的无氧，碳涂层和激光结构的表面，其特征在于电子辐照和稀有气体离子轰击之前和之后。在样品的低电荷剂量下测得的次级电子和反射电子的产率普遍依赖于初级撞击电子的能量。最新的模型可以成功地用于描述光谱数据。