The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of cochineal nopal cactus silage additives with urea or Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), as well as the association of both additives in four storage times (7, 15, 60 and 120 days) and during aerobic stability, with evaluations at 0, 48 and 96 h. Four silages were used: no additive, addition of 2% urea, addition of LB and addition of 2% urea and LB. The study was divided into two experiments: the first experiment evaluated the silages at different storage times, and the second experiment evaluated the silages during the aerobic stability test. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (4 × 4 and 4 × 3) with three replicates per treatment. After the ensiling process, lactic acid bacteria predominated in all treatments. The concentration of lactic acid increased significantly from 60 days of ensiling. The concentration of acetic acid varied significantly between the storage times only for the silages treated with urea and LB alone. The silage treated with urea maintained a constant pH value up to 120 days of storage. During the 96 h aerobic stability test, no breaking in the stability of silages was observed. The exclusive or associated use of urea and LB promotes improvement in the fermentative characteristics of cochineal nopal cactus silage, without major alterations in the chemical composition or interfering with the aerobic stability of the silages.

中文翻译：

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含有化学和微生物添加剂的胭脂虫仙人掌青贮饲料的发酵特性和化学成分

本研究的目的是评估胭脂虫仙人掌青贮饲料添加剂与尿素或尿素的发酵特性和化学成分。布氏乳杆菌(LB)，以及两种添加剂在四个储存时间（7、15、60 和 120 天）和有氧稳定性期间的关联，在 0、48 和 96 小时进行评估。使用了四种青贮饲料：无添加剂、添加 2% 尿素、添加 LB 和添加 2% 尿素和 LB。该研究分为两个实验：第一个实验评估不同储存时间的青贮饲料，第二个实验评估有氧稳定性测试期间的青贮饲料。在这两个实验中，实验设计在因子方案（4 × 4 和 4 × 3）中完全随机化，每个处理重复三个。在青贮过程之后，乳酸菌在所有处理中占优势。从青贮60天开始，乳酸浓度显着增加。仅用尿素和 LB 处理的青贮饲料的乙酸浓度在储存时间之间有显着差异。用尿素处理的青贮饲料在储存 120 天后保持恒定的 pH 值。在 96 小时的有氧稳定性试验中，没有观察到青贮饲料的稳定性发生破坏。单独或联合使用尿素和 LB 可促进胭脂虫仙人掌青贮饲料发酵特性的改善，而不会显着改变化学成分或干扰青贮饲料的需氧稳定性。