For most of human history, funerary burial has been unusual. Archaeology shows a shift in funerary practices in postglacial hunter-gatherers, in parts of Europe during the Late Mesolithic. This is documented by the burial grounds in the Tagus and Sado valleys in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, where ca. 376 burials were excavated. This study presents a chronology for the burial activity in these sites and contextualizes the start and end activity phases within regional environmental changes and cultural developments. The dataset consists of 76 14C dates on human bone (19 new, 57 published) including new dates from contexts in Portugal outside these valleys. Bayesian chronological models were defined in OxCal, and protein carbon contributions of marine foods were estimated by the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS. The results indicate a broader timeframe for the Late Mesolithic in Portugal, than previously suggested, starting during a period of significant environmental changes, ca. 8500–8300 cal BP, and ending ca. 7000 cal BP. The burial activity decreased during the establishment of Neolithic farmers in southwestern Iberia from ca. 7450 cal BP, however, these burial grounds continued to be used by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, showing that diverse social structures and worldviews coexisted for several generations.

中文翻译：

---

葡萄牙西南部伊比利亚半岛最后的狩猎采集者的埋葬活动年表

在人类历史的大部分时间里，葬礼是不寻常的。考古表明，在中石器时代晚期，欧洲部分地区的冰后狩猎采集者的丧葬习俗发生了转变。葡萄牙伊比利亚半岛西南部的塔霍和佐渡山谷的墓地记录了这一点。出土墓葬376座。本研究提供了这些地点的埋葬活动的年表，并将区域环境变化和文化发展中的开始和结束活动阶段置于语境中。数据集由 7614人类骨骼上的 C 日期（19 个新日期，57 个已发表）包括来自这些山谷以外葡萄牙语境的新日期。在 OxCal 中定义了贝叶斯年代模型，并通过贝叶斯混合模型 FRUITS 估计了海洋食品的蛋白质碳贡献。结果表明，葡萄牙中石器时代晚期的时间范围比以前建议的要宽，始于环境发生重大变化的时期，约 2000 年。8500–8300 cal BP，约结束。7000 大卡血压。在伊比利亚西南部新石器时代农民建立期间，埋葬活动有所减少。然而，7450 cal BP，这些墓地继续被中石器时代的狩猎采集者使用，表明不同的社会结构和世界观共存了几代人。