Background: Psychiatric disorders are often linked to dysfunctions within neurotransmitter systems, and the same systems play a role in healthy temperaments. Development of a common bio-behavioural taxonomy based on functionality of neurotransmitter systems suggests examining temperament profiles in patients with various psychiatric disorders. Objective: (1) To investigate temperament profiles in two age groups of children with delusional disorders; (2) to investigate temperament profiles in adolescents with mood disorders; (3) to investigate temperament profiles in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) children. Methods: Sample: in total 171 participants (M/F = 91/80), healthy children and teenagers (volunteers); two age groups of children with psychotic disorders; teens with mood disorders (clients of the Federal Mental Health Center) and healthy IVF. Parents of participants completed a test based on the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). Results and Conclusions: (1) Both age groups of children with psychotic disorders had significantly lower scores on the scales of physical endurance, tempo, plasticity, and self-satisfaction, in comparison to healthy controls; the psychotic group aged 5–11 had also lower scores on the impulsivity scale, whereas the psychotic group 12–17 had lower scores on the social endurance and social tempo scales and higher neuroticism. (2) Teens with mood disorders had lower scores on the self-confidence-satisfaction scale and higher scores on the impulsivity scale, in comparison to controls. (3) No difference between IVF and naturally conceived children were found. The results show the benefits of using the FET framework for structuring the correspondence between psychiatric disorders and temperament as it differentiates between social versus physical aspects of behaviour and orientational versus executive aspects.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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患有精神病和情绪障碍的儿童和青少年的气质特征

背景：精神疾病通常与神经递质系统内的功能障碍有关，并且相同的系统在健康的气质中发挥作用。基于神经递质系统功能的通用生物行为分类法的发展表明，检查各种精神疾病患者的气质特征。目的：（1）调查两个年龄组妄想障碍儿童的气质特征；(2) 调查患有情绪障碍的青少年的气质特征；(3) 调查体外受精 (IVF) 儿童的气质特征。方法：样本：共171名参与者（男/女=91/80），健康儿童和青少年（志愿者）；两个年龄组的精神障碍儿童；患有情绪障碍的青少年（联邦心理健康中心的客户）和健康的试管婴儿。参与者的父母完成了基于神经化学模型功能性气质 (FET) 的测试。结果和结论：(1) 与健康对照组相比，两个年龄组的精神障碍儿童在身体耐力、节奏、可塑性和自我满足感方面的得分均显着降低；5-11 岁的精神病组在冲动量表上的得分也较低，而 12-17 岁的精神病组在社交耐力和社交节奏量表上的得分较低，而神经质则更高。(2) 与对照组相比，患有情绪障碍的青少年在自信满意度量表上得分较低，在冲动量表上得分较高。(3)试管婴儿与自然受孕的孩子之间没有发现差异。
神经心理生物学