Abstract In the framework of this research, four new herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) comprising chlorsulfuron as the anion were synthesized and characterized. The new salts with chlorsulfuron contained the following cations: tetramethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium and cholinium. All products were obtained with high yields exceeding 90% via acid–base reaction or ion exchange reaction, by the use of environment-friendly solvents. The structures of all synthesized HILs were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. Their efficacy against weeds has been studied under field conditions in fiber flax. All HILs showed herbicidal activity but efficiency was highly dependent on the type of cation and weed species. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of HILs toward common lambsquarters compared to the reference herbicide, except for salt with cholinium cation that showed significantly lower efficiency. As regards barnyard grass control, all HILs exhibited significantly lower efficacy than that of the reference herbicide, except for didecyldimethylammonium salt that showed similar activity. The synthesized products did not cause damage to flax plants. The obtained results confirmed that the herbicidal effectiveness of the active ingredient (chlorsulfuron) in the form of an ionic liquid can be adjusted by the selection of an appropriate cation in the synthesis.

中文翻译：

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以氯磺隆为阴离子的除草离子液体的合成及药效

摘要 在本研究的框架内，合成并表征了四种以氯磺隆为阴离子的新型除草离子液体（HILs）。与氯磺隆形成的新盐含有以下阳离子：四甲基铵、二癸基二甲基铵、苄基三甲基铵和胆碱。通过使用环境友好的溶剂，通过酸碱反应或离子交换反应，所有产品均以超过 90% 的高收率获得。所有合成的 HIL 的结构均通过 FT-IR、1H NMR 和 13C NMR 分析证实。已在大田条件下用亚麻纤维研究了它们对杂草的功效。所有 HIL 都显示出除草活性，但效率高度依赖于阳离子和杂草种类的类型。与参考除草剂相比，HIL 对普通羔羊的有效性没有统计学上的显着差异，除了具有显着较低效率的胆碱阳离子盐。关于稗草控制，除二癸基二甲基铵盐显示相似活性外，所有 HIL 均表现出显着低于参考除草剂的功效。合成的产品不会对亚麻植物造成损害。所得结果证实，离子液体形式的活性成分（氯磺隆）的除草效果可以通过在合成中选择合适的阳离子来调节。除显示相似活性的二癸基二甲基铵盐外，所有 HIL 均表现出显着低于参考除草剂的功效。合成的产品不会对亚麻植物造成损害。所得结果证实，离子液体形式的活性成分（氯磺隆）的除草效果可以通过在合成中选择合适的阳离子来调节。除显示相似活性的二癸基二甲基铵盐外，所有 HIL 均表现出显着低于参考除草剂的功效。合成的产品不会对亚麻植物造成损害。所得结果证实，离子液体形式的活性成分（氯磺隆）的除草效力可以通过在合成中选择合适的阳离子来调节。