Purpose of review 

Hypogonadism is highly prevalent among not only patients with a history of prior treatment for cancer, but also among those patients with a new oncologic diagnosis who have not yet received any cancer therapy. Hypogonadism can cause a wide array of signs and symptoms including: deceased muscle mass; increased fat mass; decreased energy, mood, and overall sense of well being; diminished bone mineral density; infertility; and impaired libido and sexual function. This purpose of this manuscript is to review the mechanisms by which cancer and oncologic treatment regimens can adversely affect the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, resulting in hypogonadism. Risks and benefits associated with the treatment of testosterone deficiency are also discussed, which are important considerations for clinicians caring for affected patients.

Recent findings 

Hypogonadism has a high prevalence in the setting of cancer and is an important survivorship issue. Recent randomized controlled trials confirm testosterone's therapeutic benefits in terms of sexual function, mood body composition, and bone health, but the specific benefits in terms of quality of life are less clear.

Summary 

More prospective studies are needed to further delineate the risks, benefits, and overall outcomes of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with cancer and cancer survivors.

中文翻译：

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性腺功能减退和癌症幸存者

审查目的 

性腺机能减退不仅在具有癌症先前治疗史的患者中非常普遍，而且在尚未接受任何癌症治疗的具有新的肿瘤学诊断的患者中也很普遍。性腺功能减退会导致多种体征和症状，包括：肌肉块死亡；脂肪增加；精力，情绪和整体幸福感降低；骨矿物质密度降低；不孕症 性欲和性功能受损。本手稿的目的是回顾癌症和肿瘤治疗方案可能对下丘脑垂体性腺轴产生不利影响并导致性腺功能减退的机制。。还讨论了与睾丸激素缺乏症治疗相关的风险和收益，这是临床医生照顾受影响患者的重要考虑因素。

最近的发现 

性腺机能减退在癌症的发病率很高，是一个重要的生存问题。最近的随机对照试验证实了睾丸激素在性功能，情绪身体组成和骨骼健康方面的治疗益处，但在生活质量方面的具体益处尚不清楚。

概要 

需要更多的前瞻性研究来进一步描述癌症和癌症幸存者患者中睾丸激素替代疗法的风险，益处和总体结果。