Abstract

This study proposes a bioclimatic characterization and a new biogeographic division for the Antarctic territories up to the province level following the criteria and models of Rivas-Martínez et al. The Antarctic Kingdom comprises the continent of Antarctica, the surrounding ice-covered Antarctic islands, and the associated cold oceanic islands and archipelagos. It has two biogeographic regions: the Antarctic Region and the Subantarctic Insular Region. The Antarctic Region includes the entire pergelid Antarctic continent and the surrounding islands and archipelagos, and is characterized by upper suprapolar hyperoceanic and oceanic or Polar pergelid bioclimates on the coasts. The region has been divided into three pr6ovinces: Maritime Antarctica, West Antarctica and East Antarctica. The Subantarctic Insular Region comprises the circumantarctic islands and archipelagos that are widespread at the southern tip of the planet’s most important oceans, mostly in the subtemperate latitudinal zone inside or not far from the Antarctic Convergence. Bioclimatically, all insular subantarctic territories (excluding the South-American Tierra de Fuego, Terra Magellanica and large islands) are characterized by thermo-suprapolar and semipolar antarctic hyperoceanic bioclimates on the coasts. Four provinces – Falklandian-South Georgian, Kerguelenian, Macquarian and Aucklandian-Campbellian – have been recognized in this region. All these units are characterized by floristic bioindicators.

摘要

这项研究提出了根据Rivas-Martínez等人的标准和模型对南极地区直至省级的生物气候特征和新的生物地理区划。南极王国包括南极大陆，周围的冰雪覆盖的南极群岛，以及相关的寒冷海洋岛屿和群岛。它有两个生物地理区域：南极区域和亚南极岛屿区域。南极地区包括整个南极的胶结大陆以及周围的岛屿和群岛，其特征是海岸上极上极高洋和海洋或极地胶生生物气候。该地区已分为三个主要地区：海洋南极洲，西部南极洲和东部南极洲。亚南极岛屿地区包括环南极群岛和群岛，分布在地球上最重要的海洋的南端，主要分布在南极融汇内部或不远处的亚温带纬度地区。在生物气候上，所有岛屿南极领地（不包括南美火地岛（Tierra de Fuego），麦哲伦（Terra Magellanica）和大岛）都具有沿海上极热上极和半极南极高洋生物气候的特征。该地区已被认可为福克兰南部格鲁吉亚州，克格列尼安州，麦格里安州和奥克兰坎普贝尔省四个省。所有这些单位都有植物区系生物指示剂的特征。大多在南极收敛带内或不远的亚温带纬度带。在生物气候上，所有岛屿南极领地（不包括南美火地岛（Tierra de Fuego），麦哲伦（Terra Magellanica）和大岛）都具有沿海上极热上极和半极南极高洋生物气候的特征。该地区已被认可为福克兰南部格鲁吉亚，克尔格莱尼亚，麦格理和奥克兰坎普贝尔四个省。所有这些单位都有植物区系生物指示剂的特征。大多在南极收敛带内或不远的亚温带纬度带。在生物气候上，所有岛屿南极领地（不包括南美火地岛（Tierra de Fuego），麦哲伦（Terra Magellanica）和大岛）都具有沿海上极热上极和半极南极高洋生物气候的特征。该地区已被认可为福克兰南部格鲁吉亚，克尔格莱尼亚，麦格理和奥克兰坎普贝尔四个省。所有这些单位都有植物区系生物指示剂的特征。Kerguelenian，Macquarian和Auckland-Campbellian –在该地区得到认可。所有这些单位都有植物区系生物指示剂的特征。Kerguelenian，Macquarian和Auckland-Campbellian –在该地区得到认可。所有这些单位都有植物区系生物指示剂的特征。