Abstract The adaptations that halophilic microorganisms have developed due to their extreme habitat, promote the production of active natural compounds with the potential to control microorganisms causing infections associated with health care. The prime purpose of this study was to isolate and identify extremophilic black yeast Hortaea werneckii from intertidal decayed leaves of Avicennia marina located on the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extract against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic strains. Three new H. werneckii strains with distinguished morphological features, MF135, MF140 and MF141, were isolated and were placed in a monophyletic clade through phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA). The ethyl acetate crude extract active fractions of these strains possessed significant activities against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the active fractions revealed the presence of antimicrobial-related biochemicals, i.e. 4-Acetoxy-2-azetidinone, sec-Butyl nitrite and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). This is the first detailed report of black yeast detected with potential antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. These results promise potential and interesting biotechnological tools to overcome the staggering problem of emerging antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria.

中文翻译：

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从红海红树林中分离出的嗜极黑酵母 Hortaea werneckii 新鉴定菌株的分子特征和生物活性潜力

摘要 嗜盐微生物因其极端栖息地而产生的适应性促进了活性天然化合物的产生，这些化合物具有控制引起与医疗保健相关的感染的微生物的潜力。本研究的主要目的是从位于沙特阿拉伯红海沿岸的 Avicennia marina 潮间带腐烂的叶子中分离和鉴定嗜极黑酵母 Hortaea werneckii，并评估粗提取物对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性。阴性致病菌株。通过基于大亚基核糖体核糖核酸 (LSU rRNA) 的系统发育分析，分离出三个具有显着形态特征的新 H.werneckii 菌株 MF135、MF140 和 MF141，并将其置于单系进化枝中。这些菌株的乙酸乙酯粗提物活性组分对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)、空肠弯曲杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌具有显着活性。活性组分的气相色谱-质谱分析表明存在抗微生物相关的生化物质，即 4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮、亚硝酸仲丁酯和脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME)。这是首次详细报告黑酵母对各种病原微生物具有潜在抗菌活性。这些结果有望成为潜在且有趣的生物技术工具，以克服病原菌之间出现的抗生素耐药性这一令人震惊的问题。空肠弯曲杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。活性组分的气相色谱-质谱分析表明存在抗微生物相关的生化物质，即 4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮、亚硝酸仲丁酯和脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME)。这是首次详细报告黑酵母对各种病原微生物具有潜在抗菌活性。这些结果有望成为潜在且有趣的生物技术工具，以克服病原菌之间出现的抗生素耐药性这一令人震惊的问题。空肠弯曲杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。活性组分的气相色谱-质谱分析表明存在抗微生物相关的生化物质，即 4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮、亚硝酸仲丁酯和脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME)。这是首次详细报告黑酵母对各种病原微生物具有潜在抗菌活性。这些结果有望成为潜在且有趣的生物技术工具，以克服病原菌之间出现的抗生素耐药性这一令人震惊的问题。这是首次详细报告黑酵母对各种病原微生物具有潜在抗菌活性。这些结果有望成为潜在且有趣的生物技术工具，以克服病原菌中出现的抗生素耐药性这一令人震惊的问题。这是首次详细报告黑酵母对各种病原微生物具有潜在抗菌活性。这些结果有望成为潜在且有趣的生物技术工具，以克服病原菌之间出现的抗生素耐药性这一令人震惊的问题。