Abstract

Objective

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI or “concussion”) is a highly prevalent health condition in children, and those under the age of 6 years have the highest rate of Emergency Department presentation for suspected head injuries. The outcome of mTBI is determined by a range of child (injury, biological, functional) and environmental (socio-economic status, parent, family) factors. The aim of this work is to present evidence supporting the central role of parental and familial factors in pediatric mTBI recovery, and to illustrate ways in which parental factors can especially influence the outcome of early mTBI, defined as injuries sustained by infants, toddlers and preschoolers.

Method

The manuscript first presents a topical review of empirical studies providing evidence that family functioning and parental factors such as their mental or affective state, parenting style, and the quality of their interactions with their child, are affected by and determine the course of recovery after pediatric mTBI. Then, a pathway approach and conceptual model are proposed to illustrate probable scenarios associated with how parents detect and react to their child’s post-concussive symptoms and changes in behavior after early mTBI.

Conclusion

The “Perception, Attribution, and Response after Early Non-inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury” (PARENT) model suggests that parental roles and factors are especially influential in the context of early brain injuries, and that parents’ ability to perceive, attribute and respond to the symptoms experienced by their child in a well-adjusted and adaptive manner critically sets the direction and rhythm of the early mTBI recovery process.

中文翻译：

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PARENT 模型：了解儿童早期轻度创伤性脑损伤后父母角色的途径

摘要

客观的

轻度外伤性脑损伤（mTBI 或“脑震荡”）是儿童中非常普遍的健康状况，6 岁以下儿童因疑似头部外伤而在急诊室就诊的比率最高。mTBI 的结果由一系列儿童（损伤、生物学、功能性）和环境（社会经济地位、父母、家庭）因素决定。这项工作的目的是提供证据支持父母和家庭因素在儿科 mTBI 恢复中的核心作用，并说明父母因素可以特别影响早期 mTBI 的结果的方式，定义为婴儿、幼儿和学龄前儿童遭受的伤害.

方法

手稿首先对实证研究进行专题回顾，提供证据表明家庭功能和父母因素，例如他们的心理或情感状态、养育方式以及他们与孩子互动的质量，都受到儿科术后康复过程的影响并决定了康复过程。脑外伤。然后，提出了一种途径方法和概念模型来说明与父母如何检测孩子的脑震荡后症状和早期 mTBI 后的行为变化并做出反应相关的可能场景。

结论

“早期非创伤性脑损伤后的感知、归因和反应”(PARENT) 模型表明，父母的角色和因素在早期脑损伤的背景下尤其具有影响力，而且父母的感知、归因和反应能力他们的孩子以一种经过良好调整和适应的方式所经历的症状，决定了早期 mTBI 恢复过程的方向和节奏。