Abstract

Naturally grown wild rice (Zizania sp.) in freshwater lakes and streams with suitable biophysical conditions could provide opportunities for fish cultivation in different parts of the world, including North America. Many fish species prefer wild rice ecosystems for their habitat. Such natural aggregation could inspire wild rice-fish cultivation. Wild rice-fish integration could play a major role in maintaining ecosystems, including aeration of water, pest control, photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, respiration, soil fertility, and water quality. Wild rice-fish cultivation would be an ecosystem approach due to the positive culture attributes in terms of environmental benefits. Human consumption of wild rice and fish would provide a complementary, healthy, nutritious, and low-fat diet, with rich in carbohydrate, protein, minerals, and vitamins. Ideally, wild rice-fish integration could provide a wide range of social, economic, and ecological advantages, including food production, human nutrition, livelihoods, income, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem services. Despite opportunities and potential benefits in North America, wild rice-fish culture has not yet been practiced. Empirical research with key stakeholders’ involvement need to address social, economic, and ecological challenges for wild rice-fish cultivation to increase food productivity and environmental sustainability.

摘要

自然生长的野生稻（Zizaniasp.) 在具有合适生物物理条件的淡水湖泊和溪流中，可为包括北美在内的世界不同地区的鱼类养殖提供机会。许多鱼类更喜欢野生稻生态系统作为它们的栖息地。这种自然聚集可以激发野生稻鱼养殖。野生稻鱼融合可以在维持生态系统方面发挥重要作用，包括水体曝气、害虫控制、光合作用、养分循环、呼吸、土壤肥力和水质。由于在环境效益方面的积极养殖属性，野生稻鱼养殖将是一种生态系统方法。人类食用野生稻和鱼将提供一种互补、健康、营养和低脂肪的饮食，富含碳水化合物、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素。理想情况下，野生稻鱼融合可以提供广泛的社会、经济和生态优势，包括粮食生产、人类营养、生计、收入、生物多样性保护和生态系统服务。尽管在北美有机会和潜在的好处，但尚未实施野生稻鱼养殖。关键利益相关者参与的实证研究需要解决野生稻鱼养殖的社会、经济和生态挑战，以提高粮食生产力和环境可持续性。