Abstract Ultrafast laser-induced ablation is a complex function of many coupled parameters including laser intensity, pulse duration, optical wavelength, material thermophysical properties, and grain size. The predominant belief is that ultrafast laser ablation involves either heterogeneous or homogeneous nucleation that results in rapid phase transition or the material been superheated. However, surface morphology and fragmentation ejection by ultrafast heating with low laser fluence along with the fact that the corresponding lattice temperature is lower than the melting temperature suggest that a different removal mechanism other than phase transition and explosion is at work. Hot carrier emissions and their impact on the dissipation of the electron subsystem are also commonly ignored when describing electron and electric transports. A non-thermal ablation mechanism underlying femtosecond laser–polycrystalline material interaction and the induced surface morphology are formulated for low optical intensity using a comprehensive ablation model. The formulation follows the time scales characteristic of each of the underlying dynamics and obeys the principle of energy conservation when establishing the energy transports of the electron and lattice subsystems. The implications for properly describing low-intensity ultrafast ablation include providing the knowledge base essential for mitigating fracture and fragmentation ejection.

中文翻译：

---

多晶金属中超快光学烧蚀的热弹塑性动力学。第一部分：理论公式

摘要 超快激光诱导烧蚀是许多耦合参数的复杂函数，包括激光强度、脉冲持续时间、光波长、材料热物理特性和晶粒尺寸。主要观点是超快激光烧蚀涉及导致快速相变或材料过热的异质或均质成核。然而，低激光能量密度的超快加热导致的表面形貌和碎片喷射以及相应的晶格温度低于熔化温度的事实表明，除了相变和爆炸之外，还有一种不同的去除机制在起作用。在描述电子和电传输时，通常也会忽略热载流子发射及其对电子子系统耗散的影响。飞秒激光-多晶材料相互作用的非热烧蚀机制和诱导表面形态使用综合烧蚀模型为低光强度制定。该公式遵循每个基本动力学的时间尺度特征，并在建立电子和晶格子系统的能量传输时遵守能量守恒原理。正确描述低强度超快消融的意义包括提供减轻骨折和碎片弹射必不可少的知识库。该公式遵循每个基本动力学的时间尺度特征，并在建立电子和晶格子系统的能量传输时遵守能量守恒原理。正确描述低强度超快消融的意义包括提供减轻骨折和碎片弹射必不可少的知识库。该公式遵循每个基本动力学的时间尺度特征，并在建立电子和晶格子系统的能量传输时遵守能量守恒原理。正确描述低强度超快消融的意义包括提供减轻骨折和碎片弹射必不可少的知识库。