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Challenge to molecular archaeology—Sediments contaminated by allochthonous animal proteins
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 , DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1838925
Jaroslav Pavelka 1, 2 , Ladislav Smejda 2, 3 , Stepanka Kuckova 4, 5 , Petr Mensik 2
Affiliation  

Abstract In this work we proposed a novel methodological approach to detect and differentiate between cooked and uncooked animal meat protein in archaeological samples. We tested two groups of materials: ceramic dated to the early medieval period (9th–10th centuries CE) and soil samples collected from the same stratigraphic layer that yielded these pottery fragments. Using an ELISA immunological test designed to identify cooked pork, we found that pig proteins were present in the studied pottery specimens, but the surrounding soil contained only uncooked pig proteins. We interpret this observation in the sense that the ceramic vessels might be used for cooking pork meat in the historic times. Pig proteins identified in soil matrix are of different origin, however, and represent probably contamination from wild pigs’ manure, dropped in the area of the sampled archaeological site until the present day. This study suggests a new way of dealing with the complexities associated with research of biomolecules extracted from archaeological samples—particularly those related to the fact that typical study sites may contain a mixture of ancient raw and artificially processed proteins as well as original protein content plus secondarily introduced/contaminating proteins (and other types of biomolecules) of the same species. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译:

分子考古学的挑战——被外来动物蛋白污染的沉积物

摘要 在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的方法学方法来检测和区分考古样品中煮熟和未煮熟的动物肉蛋白。我们测试了两组材料:可追溯到中世纪早期(公元 9 世纪至 10 世纪)的陶瓷和从产生这些陶器碎片的同一地层收集的土壤样本。使用旨在识别煮熟猪肉的 ELISA 免疫学测试,我们发现所研究的陶器标本中存在猪蛋白质,但周围的土壤仅包含未煮熟的猪蛋白质。我们从陶瓷器皿在历史时期可能用于烹饪猪肉的意义上来解释这一观察结果。然而,在土壤基质中鉴定出的猪蛋白质来源不同,可能代表来自野猪粪便的污染,直到今天,在采样的考古遗址区域下降。这项研究提出了一种处理与从考古样本中提取的生物分子研究相关的复杂性的新方法 - 特别是那些与典型研究地点可能包含古代未加工和人工加工的蛋白质以及原始蛋白质含量以及次要蛋白质的混合物这一事实相关的复杂性引入/污染同一物种的蛋白质(和其他类型的生物分子)。图形概要 这项研究提出了一种处理与从考古样本中提取的生物分子研究相关的复杂性的新方法 - 特别是那些与典型研究地点可能包含古代未加工和人工加工的蛋白质以及原始蛋白质含量以及次要蛋白质的混合物这一事实相关的复杂性引入/污染同一物种的蛋白质(和其他类型的生物分子)。图形概要 这项研究提出了一种处理与从考古样本中提取的生物分子研究相关的复杂性的新方法 - 特别是那些与典型研究地点可能包含古代未加工和人工加工的蛋白质以及原始蛋白质含量以及次要蛋白质的混合物这一事实相关的复杂性引入/污染同一物种的蛋白质(和其他类型的生物分子)。图形概要
更新日期:2020-10-27
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