ABSTRACT An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. The role of nutrition in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical documents shows that vitamins, including vitamins A, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc and selenium; probiotics and prebiotics; alpha lipoic acid; omega-3 fatty acids and herbal supplements including curcumin, ginger, Echinacea, garlic, green tea, cinnamon, and ginseng play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and selenium is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health.

中文翻译：

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审查用于治疗和预防病毒感染的选定潜在营养干预措施：推荐这些用于 2019 年冠状病毒的可能性

摘要 新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 感染的爆发对国际健康和经济构成了重大威胁。营养在支持免疫系统方面的作用是公认的。大量的机制和临床文件表明，维生素，包括维生素 A、B2、B3、B6、B12、C、D、E 和叶酸；微量元素，包括锌和硒；益生菌和益生元；硫辛酸; omega-3 脂肪酸和草药补充剂，包括姜黄素、生姜、紫锥菊、大蒜、绿茶、肉桂和人参，在支持免疫系统方面发挥着重要的互补作用。这些营养素的摄入不足和状况普遍存在，导致对感染的抵抗力下降，从而增加疾病负担。在此背景下，得出以下结论：(1) 补充上述微量营养素、omega-3 脂肪酸和益生菌是一种安全、有效和低成本的策略，有助于支持最佳免疫功能；(2) 补充超过推荐膳食允许量 (RDA)，但在推荐的安全上限内，特定营养素如维生素 C、D 和硒是有保证的；(3) 鼓励公共卫生官员将营养策略纳入其改善公共卫生的建议中。