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Environmental conditions are poor predictors of immature white shark Carcharodon carcharias occurrences on coastal beaches of eastern Australia
Marine Ecology Progress Series ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 , DOI: 10.3354/meps13488
JLY Spaet 1, 2 , A Manica 1 , CP Brand 3 , C Gallen 4 , PA Butcher 2, 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT: Understanding and predicting the distribution of organisms in heterogeneous environments is a fundamental ecological question and a requirement for sound management. To implement effective conservation strategies for white shark Carcharodon carcharias populations, it is imperative to define drivers of their movement and occurrence patterns and to protect critical habitats. Here, we acoustically tagged 444 immature white sharks and monitored their presence in relation to environmental factors over a 3 yr period (2016-2019) using an array of 21 iridium satellite-linked (VR4G) receivers spread along the coast of New South Wales, Australia. Results of generalized additive models showed that all tested predictors (month, time of day, water temperature, tidal height, swell height, lunar phase) had a significant effect on shark occurrence. However, collectively, these predictors only explained 1.8% of deviance, suggesting that statistical significance may be rooted in the large sample size rather than biological importance. On the other hand, receiver location, which captures geographic fidelity and local conditions not captured by the aforementioned environmental variables, explained a sizeable 17.3% of deviance. Sharks tracked in this study hence appear to be tolerant to episodic changes in environmental conditions, and movement patterns are likely related to currently undetermined, location-specific habitat characteristics or biological components, such as local currents, prey availability or competition. Importantly, we show that performance of VR4G receivers can be strongly affected by local environmental conditions, and provide an example of how a lack of range test controls can lead to misinterpretation and erroneous conclusions of acoustic detection data.

中文翻译:

环境条件不能很好地预测澳大利亚东部沿海海滩上未成熟白鲨Carcharodon carcharias的发生

摘要:了解和预测异质环境中生物的分布是一个基本的生态问题,也是合理管理的要求。实施有效的保护策略,以保护白鲨Carcharodon carcharias人口,必须确定其运动和发生方式的驱动因素,并保护重要的栖息地。在这里,我们对444个未成熟的白鲨进行了声学标记,并使用在新南威尔士州沿海分布的21个铱卫星链接(VR4G)接收器阵列,在3年内(2016-2019年)监测了它们与环境因素的相关性,澳大利亚。广义加性模型的结果表明,所有测试的预测因素(月份,一天中的时间,水温,潮汐高度,膨胀高度,月相)对鲨鱼的发生都有显着影响。但是,这些预测变量合起来只能解释1.8%的偏差,表明统计学意义可能源于大样本量而不是生物学重要性。另一方面,接收者的位置 它捕获了上述环境变量未捕获的地理保真度和当地条件,解释了相当大的17.3%偏差。因此,在这项研究中跟踪的鲨鱼似乎可以耐受环境条件的突发变化,其运动方式可能与当前不确定的,特定地点的栖息地特征或生物成分(例如当地水流,猎物的可利用性或竞争)有关。重要的是,我们表明VR4G接收器的性能会受到当地环境条件的强烈影响,并提供了一个示例,说明缺乏范围测试控件会如何导致对声音检测数据的误解和错误结论。因此,在这项研究中追踪的鲨鱼似乎可以耐受环境条件的突发变化,并且其运动方式可能与当前不确定的,特定地点的栖息地特征或生物成分(例如当地水流,猎物的可利用性或竞争)有关。重要的是,我们表明VR4G接收器的性能会受到当地环境条件的强烈影响,并提供了一个示例,说明缺乏范围测试控件会如何导致对声音检测数据的误解和错误结论。因此,在这项研究中跟踪的鲨鱼似乎可以耐受环境条件的突发变化,其运动方式可能与当前不确定的,特定地点的栖息地特征或生物成分(例如当地水流,猎物的可利用性或竞争)有关。重要的是,我们表明VR4G接收器的性能会受到当地环境条件的强烈影响,并提供了一个示例,说明缺乏范围测试控件会如何导致对声音检测数据的误解和错误结论。
更新日期:2020-10-30
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