ABSTRACT: Invasions of marine species are changing coastal food webs worldwide, impacting on trophic interactions between native species (e.g. predator-prey relationships). Here, the impact of 3 macrozoobenthic invasive species on food web structure and functioning at Balgzand (western Wadden Sea) is quantified by using ecological network analysis (ENA). The bivalves Ensis leei and Magallana gigas were observed for the first time in 1984 and 2001, respectively, and the polychaete Marenzelleria viridis appeared in 1989. Although E. leei and M. viridis reached similar peak biomasses in the 2000s (ca. 1700 and 2000 mg C m^-2, respectively), the bivalve consumption was higher (>45% of total consumption) than that of the polychaete (<10%). Biomass and impact of M. gigas remained relatively low. E. leei occupied an ecological niche that was relatively unoccupied, which led to competitive advantage with respect to other suspension feeders. Increasing biomass of E. leei coincided with a 70% increase of trophic carbon transfer from primary to secondary producers and an 80% increase from secondary producers to detritus. Carbon flows from secondary producers to higher trophic levels were reduced by more than 60%. These shifts in trophic transfer were stronger than those observed during the invasion of M. gigas in the NE Wadden Sea. At Balgzand, biomass of M. gigas and M. viridis rapidly declined to low values in the 2010s, implying a temporally limited impact. In the 2010s, E. leei was still responsible for 30% of the total consumption in the 2010s, indicating a longer-term impact.

中文翻译：

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大型动物的入侵对温带沿海食物网的影响

摘要：海洋物种的入侵正在改变世界范围内的沿海食物网，影响了本地物种之间的营养相互作用（例如，天敌与猎物的关系）。在这里，使用生态网络分析（ENA）定量了3种大型动物的入侵物种对Balgzand（西部瓦登海）食物网结构和功能的影响。分别在1984年和2001年首次观察到双壳类的Ensis leei和Magallana gigas，并于1989年出现了多毛Mar Marenzelleria viridis。尽管在2000年代，le。leei和M. viridis的生物量达到了相似的峰值（大约1700年和2000年）毫克每平方^厘米-2分别），双壳类动物的消费量（占总消费量的> 45％）高于多毛类动物（<10％）。生物量和影响M.千兆仍相对较低。大肠杆菌（E. leei）占据了相对空缺的生态位，这导致了相对于其他悬浮喂食器的竞争优势。大肠埃希氏菌生物量的增加与营养碳从初级生产者向次级生产者的转移增加了70％，以及从次级生产者向碎屑的转移中的营养增加了80％。从次级生产者到较高营养级别的碳流量减少了60％以上。这些变化在营养转移均较的侵袭过程中观察到更强的M.牡蛎在NE沃登海。在Balgzand，生物量为在2010年代，M。gigas和M. viridis迅速降至低值，这意味着暂时的影响有限。在2010年代，雷氏大肠杆菌仍占2010年代总消费量的30％，这表明了长期影响。