Serpins are a superfamily of proteins characterized by their common function as serine protease inhibitors. So far, 36 serpins from nine clades have been identified. These proteins are expressed in all the organs and are involved in multiple important functions such as the regulation of blood pressure, hormone transport, insulin sensitivity, and the inflammatory response. Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disorders are intensively studied to find effective therapeutic targets. Given serpins' outstanding functionality, the deficiency or overexpression of certain types of serpin have been associated with diverse pathophysiological events. In particular, we will focus on reviewing the studies evaluating the participation of serpins, and particularly SerpinA3, in diverse diseases that occur in relevant organs such as the brain, retinas, corneas, lungs, cardiac vasculature, and kidneys. In this review, we summarize the role of serpins in physiological and pathophysiological processes, as well as recent evidence on the crucial role of SerpinA3 in several pathologies. Finally, we emphasize the importance of SerpinA3 in regulating cellular processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在健康和疾病中的综合观点：丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂A3的贡献

丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂是蛋白质的超家族，其特征在于其作为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的共同功能。到目前为止，已经鉴定出来自九个进化枝的36个丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。这些蛋白质在所有器官中表达，并参与多种重要功能，例如调节血压，激素转运，胰岛素敏感性和炎症反应。对肥胖，糖尿病，心血管和肾脏疾病等疾病进行了深入研究，以找到有效的治疗靶标。鉴于丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的出色功能，某些类型的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的缺乏或过表达与多种病理生理事件有关。特别是，我们将专注于评估评估serpins，尤其是SerpinA3参与的研究，在相关器官（例如大脑，视网膜，角膜，肺，心脏血管和肾脏）中发生的各种疾病中。在这篇综述中，我们总结了丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在生理和病理生理过程中的作用，以及关于丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂A3在几种病理学中的关键作用的最新证据。最后，我们强调SerpinA3在调节细胞过程（如血管生成，凋亡，纤维化，氧化应激和炎症反应）中的重要性。