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Converging on the orb: denser taxon sampling elucidates spider phylogeny and new analytical methods support repeated evolution of the orb web
Cladistics ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 , DOI: 10.1111/cla.12439
Robert J Kallal 1, 2 , Siddharth S Kulkarni 1, 2 , Dimitar Dimitrov 3 , Ligia R Benavides 4 , Miquel A Arnedo 5 , Gonzalo Giribet 4 , Gustavo Hormiga 1
Affiliation  

High throughput sequencing and phylogenomic analyses focusing on relationships among spiders have both reinforced and upturned long-standing hypotheses. Likewise, the evolution of spider webs—perhaps their most emblematic attribute—is being understood in new ways. With a matrix including 272 spider species and close arachnid relatives, we analyze and evaluate the relationships among these lineages using a variety of orthology assessment methods, occupancy thresholds, tree inference methods and support metrics. Our analyses include families not previously sampled in transcriptomic analyses, such as Symphytognathidae, the only araneoid family absent in such prior works. We find support for the major established spider lineages, including Mygalomorphae, Araneomorphae, Synspermiata, Palpimanoidea, Araneoidea and the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis Clade, as well as the uloborids, deinopids, oecobiids and hersiliids Grade. Resulting trees are evaluated using bootstrapping, Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test, local posterior probabilities and concordance factors. Using structured Markov models to assess the evolution of spider webs while accounting for hierarchically nested traits, we find multiple convergent occurrences of the orb web across the spider tree-of-life. Overall, we provide the most comprehensive spider tree-of-life to date using transcriptomic data and use new methods to explore controversial issues of web evolution, including the origins and multiple losses of the orb web.

中文翻译:

聚集在球体上:更密集的分类单元采样阐明了蜘蛛系统发育,新的分析方法支持球体网络的重复进化

以蜘蛛之间的关系为重点的高通量测序和系统基因组分析既强化了也推翻了长期存在的假设。同样,蜘蛛网的进化——也许是它们最具象征意义的属性——正在以新的方式被理解。我们使用一个包含 272 种蜘蛛物种和近亲的蛛形纲动物的矩阵,使用各种直系学评估方法、占用阈值、树推理方法和支持指标来分析和评估这些谱系之间的关系。我们的分析包括以前未在转录组分析中采样的家族,例如 Symphytognathidae,这是此类先前工作中唯一没有的类蛛科。我们找到了对已建立的主要蜘蛛谱系的支持,包括 Mygalomorphae、Araneomorphae、Synspermiata、Palpimanoidea、Araneoidea 和后外侧胫骨隆突进化枝,以及 uloborids、deinopids、oecobiids 和 hersiliids 等级。使用 bootstrapping、Shimodira-Hasegawa 近似似然比检验、局部后验概率和一致性因子评估生成的树。使用结构化马尔可夫模型评估蜘蛛网的演变,同时考虑分层嵌套的特征,我们发现整个蜘蛛生命树中的球网出现了多次收敛。总体而言,我们使用转录组数据提供了迄今为止最全面的蜘蛛生命树,并使用新方法来探索有争议的网络进化问题,包括球网的起源和多重损失。局部后验概率和一致性因子。使用结构化马尔可夫模型评估蜘蛛网的演变,同时考虑分层嵌套的特征,我们发现整个蜘蛛生命树中的球网出现了多次收敛。总体而言,我们使用转录组数据提供了迄今为止最全面的蜘蛛生命树,并使用新方法来探索有争议的网络进化问题,包括球网的起源和多重损失。局部后验概率和一致性因子。使用结构化马尔可夫模型评估蜘蛛网的演变,同时考虑分层嵌套的特征,我们发现整个蜘蛛生命树中的球网出现了多次收敛。总体而言,我们使用转录组数据提供了迄今为止最全面的蜘蛛生命树,并使用新方法来探索有争议的网络进化问题,包括球网的起源和多重损失。
更新日期:2020-10-29
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