Between 1992 and 2015, nearly 148 million hectares (Mha) within biodiversity hotspots – biologically rich but threatened terrestrial regions – worldwide underwent land‐cover changes, equating to 6% of the total areal extent of hotspots. Forest losses in hotspots amounted to 54 Mha (–7% of the forest area present in 1992), driven primarily by agricultural expansion (38 Mha); shrubland or savanna also declined by 23 Mha (–8%). Over the same time, urban areas expanded by 10 Mha (+108%). Major losses in forest areas occurred in Sundaland (11 Mha, –13% relative to 1992), Indo‐Burma (6 Mha, –6%), and Mesoamerica (5 Mha, –7%). Approximately 7.5 Mha of forest loss occurred within protected areas (–5% of the respective forest area in 1992), of which 3.9 Mha was cleared between 2000 and 2015, with ~1 Mha alone converted in the 5 years after 2010. More stringent and effective land‐based policies are urgently needed to prevent additional landscape fragmentation and preserve existing species richness in the world's biodiversity hotspots.

中文翻译：

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生物多样性热点地区最近的土地覆盖变化概述

在1992年至2015年之间，全球生物多样性热点（生物丰富但受到威胁的陆地区域）内的近1.48亿公顷（Mha）经历了土地覆盖变化，相当于热点总面积的6％。热点地区的森林损失达54 Mha（占1992年森林面积的7％），这主要是由于农业扩张（38 Mha）造成的；灌木丛或热带稀树草原也下降了23 Mha（–8％）。同时，城市面积扩大了10 Mha（+ 108％）。森林面积的重大损失发生在桑达兰州（11 Mha，相对于1992年为–13％），印度缅甸（6 Mha，–6％）和中美洲（5 Mha，–7％）。在保护区内发生了约7.5 Mha的森林损失（1992年为相应森林面积的5％），其中3.9 Mha在2000年至2015年之间被清除，在2010年之后的5年中仅约1 Mha被转化。