Wildfires, drought, insect outbreaks, and windstorms are altering the forest‐associated ecosystem services that are essential for human well‐being, and the impacts of such events are likely to increase under ongoing climate change. However, a widely accepted and operational framework for evaluating forest vulnerability and risk to these disturbances remains lacking. We propose a general framework to assess forest vulnerability and risk based on the widely used concepts of exposure, hazard magnitude, susceptibility, and lack of adaptive capacity as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We suggest a standardized procedure for defining and combining these components, as well as a list of indicators readily applicable to the primary hazards to forests associated with climate change. This framework and its methodology constitute a basis for a systematic assessment of forest risk and vulnerability for policy makers, as well as for forest and land managers, that can aid in the development of forward‐looking policies.

中文翻译：

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表征森林脆弱性和对气候变化危害的风险

野火，干旱，昆虫暴发和暴风雨正在改变与森林相关的生态系统服务，这对于人类的福祉至关重要，在持续的气候变化下，此类事件的影响可能会增加。但是，仍然缺乏评估森林脆弱性和这些干扰风险的广泛接受和可操作的框架。我们根据政府间气候变化专门委员会的定义，根据广泛使用的暴露，危害程度，易感性和缺乏适应能力的概念，提出一个评估森林脆弱性和风险的总体框架。我们建议使用标准化程序来定义和组合这些组成部分，并提供易于适用于与气候变化相关的对森林的主要危害的指标列表。