Vertical wind shears could have a significant effect on the energy produced by a wind turbine and on its loads. Although the development of several wind farms has been planned on the East Coast of the United States, there are no studies that characterize the vertical wind shear over this area. This study focuses on characterizing wind shears in the marine boundary layer in Southern New England and along the East Coast of the United States. The analysis looks at the statistical distribution of vertical wind shear values and at their associated meteorological conditions. The analysis relies on remote‐sensing wind measurements and other meteorological data recorded at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Air–Sea Interaction Tower located 3 km to the South of Martha's Vineyard, together with buoy measurements and ERA5 reanalysis data. This work shows that large vertical wind shear values (>0.05 m/s/m) calculated using wind measurements at 60 and 53 m were often observed (≈25.3% of all the valid wind profiles analyzed) for South‐Westerly winds within a range of positive bulk Richardson numbers 0–0.1. These large‐shear values are the result of the presence of a strong high‐pressure system (Bermuda‐Azores High) over the North Atlantic basin and low pressures over land, which result in warm Southerly winds flowing over the cold waters of the Labrador current. The power density computed considering the vertical wind shear by means of the rotor equivalent wind speed is 5.5% smaller than that considering wind speed measurements at 110 m only.

中文翻译：

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新英格兰南部海上垂直风切变条件的表征

垂直风切变可能会对风力涡轮机产生的能量及其负载产生重大影响。尽管已计划在美国东海岸开发多个风电场，但尚无任何研究可以描述该地区垂直风切变的特征。这项研究的重点是表征新英格兰南部和美国东海岸海洋边界层中的风切变。分析着眼于垂直风切变值的统计分布及其相关的气象条件。该分析依赖于在玛莎葡萄园岛以南3公里处的伍兹霍尔海洋研究所空海相互作用塔记录的遥感风测量值和其他气象数据，以及浮标测量值和ERA5再分析数据。对于在正体积理查森数为0至0.1范围内的西南风，通常会观察到使用60和53 m处的风测量结果计算得出的> 0.05 m / s / m（占所分析的所有有效风廓线的≈25.3％）。这些大剪切值是北大西洋盆地上空强大的高压系统（百慕大-亚速尔群岛高压）和陆地上低压的结果，这导致南风偏热流过拉布拉多洋流的冷水。考虑到垂直风切变时通过转子等效风速计算出的功率密度比仅考虑110 m处的风速测量结果要小5.5％。