Previous studies have identified that Nyamasheke District in Rwanda is highly vulnerable to soil erosion. This has led to a loss of fertile soil, with a high level of land degradation. Nevertheless, the district’s spatial and temporal sensitivity to soil erosion remains unknown in different specific parts of the district. This study aimed to analyze spatial soil erosion sensitivity and mapping of vulnerable areas to soil erosion in the district. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated within a GIS environment was used to estimate annual soil loss for the district. The RUSLE factors were derived from a 30 m resolution digital elevation model, digital soil map of the world, monthly rainfall records from 20 stations within and around the district, and Landsat7/ETM + and Landsat8/OLI imagery. Annual soil loss change was statistically analyzed using an empirical model in the district. The results showed a decreasing trend in soil erosion over time, with the highest annual soil losses estimated at 92.4, 16.1, and 15.1 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the years 2008, 2015, and 2018, respectively. Areas with the highest soil erosion sensitivity, with soil loss ranging between 10 and 40 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, were found in sectors of Kanjongo, Cyato, Rangiro, Macuba, and Karambi.

中文翻译：

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修订后的通用土壤流失方程模型在卢旺达西部Nyamasheke区的土壤侵蚀敏感性空间分析

先前的研究表明，卢旺达的Nyamasheke区极易遭受土壤侵蚀。这导致了肥沃的土壤流失，土地退化程度很高。然而，该地区对土壤侵蚀的时空敏感性在该地区的不同特定地区仍然未知。这项研究旨在分析空间土壤侵蚀敏感性，并对该地区的脆弱地区绘制土壤侵蚀图。集成在GIS环境中的经修订的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）模型用于估算该地区的年度土壤流失。RUSLE因子来自一个分辨率为30 m的数字高程模型，世界数字土壤图，该区域内及周边20个站点的月降雨量记录以及Landsat7 / ETM +和Landsat8 / OLI图像。使用该地区的经验模型对每年的土壤流失变化进行统计分析。结果表明，土壤侵蚀随着时间的推移呈下降趋势，最高年度土壤流失量估计为92.4、16.1和15.1吨公顷^-1 年^-1分别在2008年，2015年和2018年。在Kanjongo，Cyato，Rangiro，Macuba和Karambi的地区发现了土壤侵蚀敏感性最高的地区，水土流失的范围在10至40 t ha - ¹ 年^-1之间。