Unraveling the relative role of light and water competition between lianas and trees in tropical forests: A vegetation model analysis,Journal of Ecology

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Unraveling the relative role of light and water competition between lianas and trees in tropical forests: A vegetation model analysis
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13540
Félicien Meunier _{1,

2} , Hans Verbeeck ₁ , Betsy Cowdery ₂ , Stefan A Schnitzer _{3,

4} , Chris M Smith-Martin ₅ , Jennifer S Powers _{3,

6} , Xiangtao Xu ₇ , Martijn Slot ₃ , Hannes P T De Deurwaerder _{1,

8} , Matteo Detto _{3,

8} , Damien Bonal ₉ , Marcos Longo ₁₀ , Louis S Santiago _{3,

11} , Michael Dietze ₂

Affiliation

Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Department of Environment Ghent University Ghent Belgium.
Department of Earth and Environment Boston University Boston MA USA.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado Panama.
Department of Biological Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Evolutionary Biology Columbia University New York NY USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA.
Université de Lorraine AgroParisTech INRAE UMR Silva Nancy France.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA.
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA USA.

Despite their low contribution to forest carbon stocks, lianas (woody vines) play an important role in the carbon dynamics of tropical forests. As structural parasites, they hinder tree survival, growth and fecundity; hence, they negatively impact net ecosystem productivity and long‐term carbon sequestration.
Competition (for water and light) drives various forest processes and depends on the local abundance of resources over time. However, evaluating the relative role of resource availability on the interactions between lianas and trees from empirical observations is particularly challenging. Previous approaches have used labour‐intensive and ecosystem‐scale manipulation experiments, which are infeasible in most situations.
We propose to circumvent this challenge by evaluating the uncertainty of water and light capture processes of a process‐based vegetation model (ED2) including the liana growth form. We further developed the liana plant functional type in ED2 to mechanistically simulate water uptake and transport from roots to leaves, and start the model from prescribed initial conditions. We then used the PEcAn bioinformatics platform to constrain liana parameters and run uncertainty analyses.
Baseline runs successfully reproduced ecosystem gas exchange fluxes (gross primary productivity and latent heat) and forest structural features (leaf area index, aboveground biomass) in two sites (Barro Colorado Island, Panama and Paracou, French Guiana) characterized by different rainfall regimes and levels of liana abundance.
Model uncertainty analyses revealed that water limitation was the factor driving the competition between trees and lianas at the drier site (BCI), and during the relatively short dry season of the wetter site (Paracou). In young patches, light competition dominated in Paracou but alternated with water competition between the wet and the dry season on BCI according to the model simulations.
The modelling workflow also identified key liana traits (photosynthetic quantum efficiency, stomatal regulation parameters, allometric relationships) and processes (water use, respiration, climbing) driving the model uncertainty. They should be considered as priorities for future data acquisition and model development to improve predictions of the carbon dynamics of liana‐infested forests.
Synthesis. Competition for water plays a larger role in the interaction between lianas and trees than previously hypothesized, as demonstrated by simulations from a process‐based vegetation model.

中文翻译：

揭示热带森林中藤本植物和树木之间光和水竞争的相对作用：植被模型分析

尽管藤本植物（木本藤本植物）对森林碳储量的贡献较低，但它们在热带森林的碳动态中发挥着重要作用。作为结构寄生虫，它们会阻碍树木的生存、生长和繁殖力；因此，它们对净生态系统生产力和长期碳固存产生负面影响。
竞争（水和光）驱动着各种森林过程，并取决于当地丰富的资源随着时间的推移。然而，根据经验观察评估资源可用性对藤本植物和树木之间相互作用的相对作用尤其具有挑战性。以前的方法使用了劳动密集型和生态系统规模的操纵实验，这在大多数情况下是不可行的。
我们建议通过评估基于过程的植被模型（ED2）（包括藤本植物生长形式）的水和光捕获过程的不确定性来规避这一挑战。我们在 ED2 中进一步开发了藤本植物功能类型，以机械方式模拟水从根部到叶子的吸收和运输，并从规定的初始条件开始模型。然后，我们使用 PEcAn 生物信息学平台来约束藤本植物参数并运行不确定性分析。
基线运行成功地再现了两个地点（巴拿马巴罗科罗拉多岛和法属圭亚那帕拉库）的生态系统气体交换通量（总初级生产力和潜热）和森林结构特征（叶面积指数、地上生物量），这两个地点具有不同的降雨状况和水平藤本植物丰富。
模型不确定性分析表明，水分限制是驱动干燥地区（BCI）以及湿润地区（Paracou）相对较短的旱季期间树木和藤本植物之间竞争的因素。根据模型模拟，在年轻的斑块中，帕拉库的轻度竞争占主导地位，但 BCI 上的湿季和旱季之间的水竞争交替出现。
建模工作流程还确定了影响模型不确定性的关键藤本植物特征（光合量子效率、气孔调节参数、异速关系）和过程（用水、呼吸、攀爬）。应将它们视为未来数据采集和模型开发的优先事项，以改进对藤本植物侵染森林碳动态的预测。
合成。正如基于过程的植被模型的模拟所证明的那样，水的竞争在藤本植物和树木之间的相互作用中发挥着比之前假设的更大的作用。

更新日期：2020-10-29

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