California is the number one producer of grapes in the United States. Soil fumigation has been used to control soilborne pests and pathogens. However, fumigants can potentially have a negative impact on native soil microbial populations. Given the roles of microorganisms in the soil system, it is important to assess the long-term impact of fumigation on soil microbial communities, which is currently lacking. The objective of this research was to study the long-term impact of microbial communities in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) replanting situations after fumigation. Soil treatments included methyl bromide (MeBr), Telone C35, InLine, a nonfumigated control, and a mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cover crop in two side-by-side field experiments fumigated in 2007 and 2008. Microbial community biomass in 2017 and 2018 did not differ between fumigated and nonfumigated plots at the 0- to 30-cm depth. However, plots with shank-injected MeBr and Telone C35 applied in 2008 showed significantly reduced microbial biomass in 2018 at deeper depths than subsurface drip-applied InLine plots. The results show the impact of fumigation on bacterial communities; however, the impact on fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities was not evident after 10 years. Furthermore, the effect of depth was apparent on bacterial communities compared with fungal and AMF communities. The data suggest that deep-rooted grapevines influenced fungal populations, which probably supplied labile C in fumigated and nonfumigated plots. Future research needs to focus collectively on the long-term effects of fumigation on fruit quality and yield in vineyards, and on soil microbial communities.

中文翻译：

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熏蒸十年后葡萄园土壤微生物群落特征

加州是美国第一大葡萄产地。土壤熏蒸已被用于控制土传害虫和病原体。然而，熏蒸剂可能对本地土壤微生物种群产生负面影响。鉴于微生物在土壤系统中的作用，评估熏蒸对土壤微生物群落的长期影响非常重要，目前尚缺乏这种影响。本研究的目的是研究微生物群落对葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）熏蒸后重新种植情况的长期影响。土壤处理包括溴甲烷 (MeBr)、Telone C35、InLine、非熏蒸对照和芥末 ( Sinapis albaL.) 在 2007 年和 2008 年熏蒸的两个并排田间试验中覆盖作物。2017 年和 2018 年的微生物群落生物量在 0 到 30 厘米深度熏蒸和未熏蒸的地块之间没有差异。然而，2008 年使用小腿注射 MeBr 和 Telone C35 的地块显示，2018 年微生物生物量在更深的深度比地下滴注应用的 InLine 地块显着减少。结果显示熏蒸对细菌群落的影响；然而，10 年后对真菌和丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 群落的影响并不明显。此外，与真菌和 AMF 群落相比，深度对细菌群落的影响是明显的。数据表明，根深蒂固的葡萄藤影响了真菌种群，这可能在熏蒸和未熏蒸的地块中提供不稳定的 C。