Restoration of damaged ecosystems has become an important tool to slow down biodiversity loss and to maintain ecosystem services. Peatland bird populations have shown a substantial decline during the recent decades in Northern Europe as a consequence of peatland drainage. We studied whether restoration of peatlands drained for forestry affects bird communities. We conducted bird surveys at 11 peatlands in Western Finland, where each of the restored and their pristine counterparts were surveyed before restoration and yearly after restoration during 2010–2018. We used linear mixed effect models to analyze whether restoration affected the number of species and territories of peatland specialist and non‐specialist species and permutational multivariate analysis of variance to analyze the change in community composition. Drained parts of the peatlands had higher number of territories of non‐specialist species before restoration, and restoration seemed to decrease these numbers towards the level of pristine parts. By contrast, restoration did not affect the number of peatland specialists and their territories, which was lower in drained than in pristine parts of the peatlands. Bird communities in restored parts remained different from pristine parts in terms of community composition after restoration. Thus, despite the effect of restoration on non‐specialists, a substantially long time may be required for a recovery of the peatland bird communities. Based on our results, it seems that long‐term monitoring of the restored and pristine peatlands is needed to determine whether restoration is effective in recovering the peatland specialist bird species and bird communities in general.

中文翻译：

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栖息地恢复对泥炭地鸟类群落的影响

恢复受损的生态系统已成为减缓生物多样性丧失和维持生态系统服务的重要工具。近几十年来，由于泥炭地的排水，北欧的泥炭地鸟类数量显着减少。我们研究了退耕还林的泥炭地是否影响鸟类群落。我们在芬兰西部的11个泥炭地进行了鸟类调查，在恢复之前和恢复之后的2010-2018年中，每年对恢复的每个原始生境和原始生境进行调查。我们使用线性混合效应模型来分析恢复是否影响泥炭地专长和非专长物种的物种和领土数量，并使用变异的多元多元分析来分析群落组成的变化。在恢复之前，泥炭地流失的部分拥有更多的非专业物种，而恢复似乎使这些数量减少到原始部分的水平。相比之下，恢复并不影响泥炭地专家及其领土的数量，在排水方面，泥炭地专家的数量少于泥炭地的原始部分。在恢复后的群落组成方面，恢复部分的鸟类群落与原始部分仍然不同。因此，尽管恢复对非专业人士有影响，但恢复泥炭地鸟类群落仍可能需要相当长的时间。根据我们的结果，