Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was synthesized by two steps, namely (a) transesterification and (b) polycondensation. Various analytical instruments were used for the characterization of neat PET. The sodium salt of nucleating agents added with PET was synthesized by the in‐situ method under the same experimental conditions. The influence of CO₂Na, ONa, SO₃Na, PO₃Na on the crystallization properties of PET was tested. The aromatic SO₃Na nucleated PET exhibited the highest crystallization temperature (T_c) value of 211.4°C with the degradation temperature (T_d) value of 446.9°C. The energy of activation (E_a) for the degradation and crystallization of PET was determined using various kinetic models. The modified Avrami equation showed the 3D crystal growth of PET, which was further evidenced by polarized optical microscopy (POM). The second stage of degradation consumed a higher amount of thermal energy. The experimental results were compared with the literature values.

中文翻译：

---

成核剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯非等温结晶和降解动力学的影响

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是通过两个步骤合成的，即（a）酯交换反应和（b）缩聚反应。各种分析仪器用于表征纯净的PET。在相同的实验条件下，通过原位法合成了添加有PET的成核剂钠盐。的影响 CO ₂的Na， ONA， SO ₃的Na， PO ₃上PET的结晶性能的Na进行测试。芳香族 SO ₃的Na核PET表现出最高的结晶温度（T _{c ^}）的211.4℃的降解温度值（T _d）值446.9°C。使用各种动力学模型确定了PET降解和结晶的活化能（E _a）。修改后的Avrami方程显示了PET的3D晶体生长，这由偏振光学显微镜（POM）进一步证明。降解的第二阶段消耗了大量的热能。将实验结果与文献值进行比较。