Ticks are blood‐feeding ectoparasites that transmit a variety of pathogens to host animals and humans, causing severe infectious diseases such as Lyme disease. In a certain combination of animal and tick species, tick infestation elicits acquired immunity against ticks in the host, which can reduce the ability of ticks to feed on blood and to transmit pathogens in the following tick infestations. Therefore, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of acquired tick resistance (ATR) can advance the development of anti‐tick vaccines to prevent tick infestation and tick‐borne diseases. Basophils are a minor population of white blood cells circulating in the bloodstream and are rarely observed in peripheral tissues under steady‐state conditions. Basophils have been reported to accumulate at tick‐feeding sites during re‐infestation in cattle, rabbits, guinea pigs and mice. Selective ablation of basophils resulted in a loss of ATR in guinea pigs and mice, illuminating the essential role of basophils in the manifestation of ATR. In this review, we discuss the recent advance in the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying basophil recruitment to the tick‐feeding site and basophil‐mediated ATR.

中文翻译：

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嗜碱性粒细胞在蜱虫感染的获得性保护性免疫中的作用

蜱是吸血的体外寄生虫，可将多种病原体传播给宿主动物和人类，导致严重的传染病，如莱姆病。在动物和蜱种的某种组合中，蜱虫感染会引起宿主对蜱虫的获得性免疫，这会降低蜱虫吸血和在随后的蜱虫感染中传播病原体的能力。因此，我们对获得性蜱抗性（ATR）的细胞和分子机制的了解可以促进抗蜱疫苗的开发，以预防蜱感染和蜱传疾病。嗜碱性粒细胞是血液中循环的少量白细胞，在稳态条件下很少在外周组织中观察到。据报道，在牛、兔、豚鼠和小鼠再次感染蜱的过程中，嗜碱性粒细胞会在蜱的摄食部位积聚。嗜碱性粒细胞的选择性消融导致豚鼠和小鼠 ATR 的丧失，阐明了嗜碱性粒细胞在 ATR 表现中的重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近在阐明嗜碱性粒细胞募集到蜱喂养部位和嗜碱性粒细胞介导的 ATR 的细胞和分子机制方面的最新进展。