Host sensing and signal transduction during Toxoplasma stage conversion,Molecular Microbiology

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Host sensing and signal transduction during Toxoplasma stage conversion
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14634
Leonardo Augusto _{1,

2} , Ronald C Wek ₁ , William J Sullivan _{2,

3}

Affiliation

The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects nucleated cells in virtually all warm-blooded vertebrates, including one-third of the human population. While immunocompetent hosts do not typically show symptoms of acute infection, parasites are retained in latent tissue cysts that can be reactivated upon immune suppression, potentially damaging key organ systems. Toxoplasma has a multistage life cycle that is intimately linked to environmental stresses and host signals. As this protozoan pathogen is transmitted between multiple hosts and tissues, it evaluates these external signals to appropriately differentiate into distinct life cycle stages, such as the transition from its replicative stage (tachyzoite) to the latent stage (bradyzoite) that persists as tissue cysts. Additionally, in the gut of its definitive host, felines, Toxoplasma converts into gametocytes that produce infectious oocysts (sporozoites) that are expelled into the environment. In this review, we highlight recent advances that have illuminated the interfaces between Toxoplasma and host and how these interactions control parasite stage conversion. Mechanisms underlying these stage transitions are important targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at thwarting parasite transmission and pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

弓形虫阶段转换期间的宿主感知和信号转导

细胞内寄生虫弓形虫几乎感染所有温血脊椎动物的有核细胞，包括三分之一的人类。虽然免疫功能正常的宿主通常不会表现出急性感染的症状，但寄生虫会保留在潜在的组织包囊中，这些包囊可以在免疫抑制时重新激活，从而可能损害关键器官系统。弓形虫具有多阶段的生命周期，与环境压力和宿主信号密切相关。当这种原生动物病原体在多个宿主和组织之间传播时，它会评估这些外部信号，以适当区分不同的生命周期阶段，例如从其复制阶段（速殖子）到以组织包囊形式持续存在的潜伏阶段（缓殖子）的过渡。此外，在其最终宿主猫科动物的肠道中，弓形虫转化为配子细胞，产生感染性卵囊（子孢子），并被排出到环境中。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了阐明弓形虫和宿主之间界面以及这些相互作用如何控制寄生虫阶段转换的最新进展。这些阶段转变背后的机制是旨在阻止寄生虫传播和发病机制的治疗干预的重要目标。

更新日期：2020-10-28

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