Carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO₂) in surface water was continuously measured every 3 h from July 2012 to June 2013 using an autonomous pCO₂ system (MAPCO₂) deployed on a moored buoy on the East China Sea shelf (31°N, 124.5°E). Sea surface pCO₂ and pH had the largest variations in summer, ranging from 215 to 470 μatm, and 7.941 to 8.263 (averagely 8.084 ± 0.080), respectively. They varied little in winter, ranging from 328 to 395 μatm, and 8.003 to 8.074 (averagely 8.052 ± 0.010), respectively. The seasonal average sea surface pCO₂ was respectively 335 ± 70 μatm, 422 ± 43 μatm, 362 ± 11 μatm, and 311 ± 59 μatm in summer, autumn, winter, and spring, and was overall undersaturated with respect to atmosphere on a yearly basis. Although the average sea surface pCO₂ in summer was below the atmospheric level, the net CO₂ flux has suggested a CO₂ source status due to the influence of typhoon. Our observation thus demonstrated the significant, even dominant impact of episodic typhoon events on surface ocean CO₂ chemistry and air–sea CO₂ gas exchange, which would be impossible to capture by shipboard observation. The high wind stress and curl associated with the northward movement of typhoon induced complex sea surface water movement, vertical mixing, and subsequent biological drawdown, which differed in pre‐, onset, and post‐typhoon stages. Based on our estimates, the degassing fluxes during typhoon reached as high as 82 mmol m⁻² CO₂ and 242 mmol m⁻² CO₂ in summer and autumn, respectively, accounting for twice as large as the summer CO₂ sink during non‐typhoon period, and 28% of the total CO₂ source in autumn.

中文翻译：

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海面pCO2和pH的高频时间序列自主观测

从2012年7月至2013年6月，每3个小时连续测量一次地表水中的二氧化碳分压（p CO ₂），该方法使用部署在东海海域（31°N）系泊浮标上的自主p CO ₂系统（MAPCO ₂）。 ，124.5°E）。海面p CO ₂和pH具有最大的变化是在夏天，范围从215至470  μ大气压，7.941至8.263（平均8.084±0.080），分别。它们在冬季小变化，范围从328至395  μ分别8.003到8.074（平均8.052±0.010），ATM和。季节平均海面p CO ₂分别为335±70  μ个大气压，422±43  μ个大气压，362±11  μ大气压，311±59  μ大气压在夏，秋，冬，和弹簧，并且相对于大气逐年被整体欠饱和。尽管夏季的平均海面p CO ₂低于大气水平，但由于台风的影响，净CO ₂通量显示出CO _2的源状态。因此，我们的观察结果表明，台风事件对表层海洋CO ₂化学和空海CO ₂产生了显着甚至显着的影响。气体交换，这是船上观察无法捕获的。与台风向北移动相关的高风压和卷曲导致复杂的海面水运动，垂直混合以及随后的生物沉降，这在台风发生前，发作期和台风发生后有所不同。根据我们的估计，台风期间的脱气通量在夏季和秋季分别高达82 mmol m ^-2 CO ₂和242 mmol m ^-2 CO ₂，是非夏季期间CO ₂吸收量的两倍。台风期，而秋季则占总CO ₂排放源的28％。