The Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the rover Curiosity has analyzed the composition of geologic materials along a >20‐km traverse in Gale crater on Mars. The APXS dataset after 6.5 Earth years (2,301 sols) includes 712 analyses of soil, sand, float, bedrock, and drilled/scooped fines. We present the APXS results over this duration and provide stratigraphic context for each target. We identify the best APXS measurement of each of the 22 drilled and scooped samples that were delivered to the instruments Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin; X‐ray diffractometer) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM; mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph) during this period. The APXS results demonstrate that the basaltic and alkali‐rich units in the Bradbury group (sols 0–750) show minimal alteration indicating an arid climate. In contrast, the Murray formation of the Mount Sharp group (sols ∼750–2,301) has compositions indicating pervasive alteration. Diagenetic features are common and show fluid interaction with the sediment after (and possibly during) lithification. A sandstone unit, the Stimson formation, overlies part of the Murray formation. This has a composition similar to the basaltic sand and soil, suggesting a shared source. Cross‐cutting, fracture‐associated haloes are evidence of late‐stage fluid alteration after lithification of the sediment. The APXS dataset, evaluated in concert with the full science payload of Curiosity, indicates that Gale crater was habitable, and that liquid water was stable for extended periods.

中文翻译：

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火星大风火山口中地质物质的元素组成和化学演化：从布拉德伯里着陆到维拉·鲁宾岭的APXS结果

漫游者好奇心上的Alpha粒子X射线光谱仪（APXS）研究人员在火星上大风火山口的20公里以上的导线中分析了地质材料的成分。在6.5个地球年（2,301溶胶）之后的APXS数据集包括712种对土壤，沙子，浮标，基岩和钻探/挖出的细屑的分析。我们介绍了在此期间的APXS结果，并​​为每个目标提供了地层背景。我们确定了在此期间交付给仪器化学和矿物学（CheMin; X射线衍射仪）和火星样品分析（SAM;质谱仪和气相色谱仪）的22个钻孔和sc取样品中的每一个的最佳APXS测量值。APXS结果表明，布拉德伯里组的玄武岩和富碱单元（溶胶0–750）显示出最小的变化，表明干旱的气候。相反，芒特夏普族的Murray形成（溶胶〜750–2，301）具有指示普遍性变化的成分。成岩特征是普遍的，并显示出在石化后（可能在石化期间）与沉积物的流体相互作用。砂岩单元Stimson地层覆盖了Murray地层的一部分。其成分类似于玄武质的沙子和土壤，表明来源是共享的。横切，裂缝相关的光晕是沉积物石化后后期流体变化的证据。APXS数据集，与 横切，裂缝相关的光晕是沉积物石化后后期流体变化的证据。APXS数据集，与 横切，裂缝相关的光晕是沉积物石化后后期流体变化的证据。APXS数据集，与好奇心表示大风火山口是可居住的，并且液态水可以长期稳定。