Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) are under investigation as potential bone adhesives, as they may provide an alternative to polymethylmethacrylate-based cements. GPCs containing strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) in place of aluminium (Al) are of particular interest because these ions are known stimulators of osteoprogenitor differentiation. GPCs have been manufactured from a novel bioactive glass (SiO₂:0.48, ZnO:0.36, CaO:0.12, SrO:0.04) in the past, but, while such materials have been assessed for their influence on viability, their influence on osteogenic function has not been investigated until now. For this study, two GPCs were formulated from the same glass precursor evaluated in previous studies. These GPCs were named GPC A and GPC B, and they differed in glass particle size, polyacrylic acid molecular weight, and their powder: liquid ratios. The effect of these two GPCs on osteogenic differentiation of primary rat osteoblasts were evaluated using three culture systems: culture with dissolution extracts, indirect contact with transwell-inserts and direct contact. Additionally, the degradation characteristics of GPCs were assessed, including their interfacial pH and surrounding pH. The experimental outcomes revealed that collagen deposition, alkaline phosphatase expression, and mineralization were largely dependent on GPC composition as well as the mode of interaction with cells. These markers were found to be significantly elevated in response to GPC A's dissolution products. However, osteogenic differentiation was inhibited when osteoblasts were cultured indirectly and directly with GPCs, with, overall, GPC B significantly outperforming GPC A. These results suggest that GPC degradation products effect osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.

中文翻译：

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两种新型含锶和锌玻璃聚烯烃骨水泥的体外成骨性能

玻璃聚链烯酸水泥 (GPC) 正在研究中作为潜在的骨粘合剂，​​因为它们可能提供基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的水泥的替代品。含有锶 (Sr) 和锌 (Zn) 代替铝 (Al) 的 GPC 特别令人感兴趣，因为这些离子是已知的骨祖细胞分化的刺激物。GPC 由一种新型生物活性玻璃 (SiO ₂:0.48, ZnO:0.36, CaO:0.12, SrO:0.04)，但是，虽然已经评估了这些材料对生存能力的影响，但直到现在还没有研究它们对成骨功能的影响。在本研究中，两种 GPC 由先前研究中评估的相同玻璃前体配制而成。这些 GPC 被命名为 GPC A 和 GPC B，它们的玻璃粒度、聚丙烯酸分子量及其粉液比不同。使用三种培养系统评估这两种 GPC 对原代大鼠成骨细胞成骨分化的影响：溶解提取物培养、与 transwell-inserts 的间接接触和直接接触。此外，还评估了 GPC 的降解特性，包括它们的界面 pH 值和周围的 pH 值。实验结果表明，胶原沉积、碱性磷酸酶表达和矿化在很大程度上取决于 GPC 组成以及与细胞相互作用的方式。发现这些标志物响应 GPC A 的溶出产物而显着升高。然而，当成骨细胞间接和直接与 GPC 一起培养时，成骨分化受到抑制，总体而言，GPC B 显着优于 GPC A。这些结果表明 GPC 降解产物以剂量依赖性方式影响成骨分化。