Abstract We describe techniques to rapidly increase the yield of bioactive compounds from plant sources such as elder bark and annatto seeds using microwave dielectric heating and ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, a substantial improvement over conventional heating methods. For elder bark, the optimal extraction parameters were obtained with ethanol, using 0.01 L g−1 of solvent to material and extracting for at least an hour at 55 °C. Ursolic acid was found to be more abundant in barks. Under the optimal conditions, the yields of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were about 86% while using ultrasound assisted extraction and about 92% while using microwaves, respectively. Using the optimal extraction parameters for annatto seeds: ethyl acetate, the ratio of solvent to material at 0.05 L g−1 and at least 30 min. extraction time, the yield of bixin reached about 85% with sonication and 95% with microwave heating. Assisted extraction techniques, with microwave assisted extraction being the most optimal technique, enhanced the extraction efficiencies and extracted higher concentrations when compared to standard methods.

中文翻译：

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使用超声波和微波辅助提取技术提高接骨木和红木种子中生物活性化合物的产量

摘要 我们描述了使用微波介电加热和超声空化气泡从接骨木树皮和胭脂树种子等植物来源快速提高生物活性化合物产量的技术，这是对传统加热方法的重大改进。对于接骨木树皮，最佳提取参数是用乙醇获得，使用 0.01 L g-1 溶剂到材料中，并在 55 °C 下提取至少一个小时。发现树皮中的熊果酸含量更高。在最佳条件下，超声辅助提取的齐墩果酸和熊果酸的得率分别为86%左右和微波辅助提取的92%左右。使用红木种子的最佳提取参数：乙酸乙酯，溶剂与材料的比例为 0.05 L g-1 和至少 30 分钟。提取时间，超声处理的bixin收率达到85%左右，微波加热处理的收率达到95%左右。辅助提取技术，其中微波辅助提取是最佳技术，与标准方法相比，提高了提取效率并提取了更高的浓度。