Abstract The conventional engineering design of threaded fasteners applies a linear model determining axial force from fastening torque and was found to be applicable only for vanishing inelastic deformations. Applications of the linear formula can result in a significant over-estimate of the axial force. Detailed experiments reveal that plasticity and wear damage in contact surfaces change frictional behavior and cause an over-proportional increment in tightening torque. A modified friction model was proposed based on the frictional dissipation energy and verified experimentally and computationally. The corresponding force-torque model shows good consistency with experiments and can be applied to predict plastic fastening processes.

中文翻译：

---

螺纹紧固件非线性摩擦行为的实验和计算研究

摘要 螺纹紧固件的传统工程设计应用线性模型根据紧固扭矩确定轴向力，并且发现仅适用于消失的非弹性变形。线性公式的应用可能导致轴向力的显着高估。详细的实验表明，接触面的塑性和磨损损坏会改变摩擦行为并导致拧紧扭矩的过度增加。提出了一种基于摩擦耗散能的修正摩擦模型，并进行了实验和计算验证。相应的力-扭矩模型与实验显示出良好的一致性，可用于预测塑料紧固过程。