Abstract Many measurements of train induced ground vibrations show high amplitudes for a certain mid-frequency range. This ground vibration component cannot be well explained by dynamic loads of the train. Many characteristics indicate that the axle impulses, which are scattered by an irregular soil, are the excitation. This new understanding of railway-induced ground vibration is verified by numerical analysis. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular inhomogeneous soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. A specific superposition of the impulse responses has been invented including time shift, axle sequence, track filter and hanning filter. The superposition yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, the superposition yields a mid-frequency ground vibration component from the scattering of the axle impulses. The existence and the importance of this component can thus be demonstrated by the calculations. Some rules of the influence of distance, train speed, soil stiffness, strength and width of the stiffness variation have been derived from the calculations. Many measurements show the unique explanation of the mid-frequency ground vibration component by the scattered axle impulses.

中文翻译：

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由于土壤不规则而引起的火车引起的地面振动

摘要 列车引起的地面振动的许多测量结果都显示出在某个中频范围内的高振幅。列车的动态载荷无法很好地解释这种地面振动分量。许多特征表明，由不规则土壤散射的轴脉冲是激励。数值分析验证了这种对铁路引起的地面振动的新理解。采用频域有限元法计算了规则均质土和不规则非均质土的响应。已经发明了脉冲响应的特定叠加，包括时移、轴序列、轨道滤波器和汉宁滤波器。叠加产生地面振动的准静态分量，该分量限于极低频率和轨道的近场。对于刚度在空间中随机变化的不规则土壤，叠加产生来自轴脉冲散射的中频地面振动分量。因此可以通过计算证明该组件的存在和重要性。距离、列车速度、土壤刚度、刚度变化的强度和宽度影响的一些规则已经从计算中推导出来。许多测量结果显示了散射轴脉冲对中频地面振动分量的独特解释。距离、列车速度、土壤刚度、刚度变化的强度和宽度影响的一些规则已经从计算中推导出来。许多测量结果显示了散射轴脉冲对中频地面振动分量的独特解释。距离、列车速度、土壤刚度、刚度变化的强度和宽度影响的一些规则已经从计算中推导出来。许多测量结果显示了散射轴脉冲对中频地面振动分量的独特解释。